WEBVTT

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Wars, climate change, finance,
and famine dominate the news,

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every day we hear from the heroes, the villains, and the
victims. But people on the edge of the news have stories, too.

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People like filmmaker Charles
Stewart and the friends he’s made

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in difficult times in Ethiopia.

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[music]

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[sil.]

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Meet Charles Stewart, biker and filmmaker.

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It’s a thrill… thrill, not a good feeling at all.
Anyhow I don’t take it to final (inaudible).

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Like filming, I mean, filming is a thrill as well
and you just get behind the lens (inaudible)

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and the composition and the thing working

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and umm… mostly just… There was nothing in a thrilling, that’s
being behind the camera, not even behind, being on a motorcycle.

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And umm… you’re searching for

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moments of truth and
moments of truth are magic

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and only film gets moments of truth.

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[sil.]

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In 1984, something happened
which changed Charles’s life.

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Making a film in the Ethiopian
Highlands about desertification,

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he was filming one morning
in a health clinic.

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And this boy came in and he had a great
open wound on his neck like that.

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He and his father had to walk from Korem
and that was a four-day road from Korem.

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They said they’ve come from Korem
and Korem was a terrible place,

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a place of famine, a place of disaster, there was
thousands of people there and there was no food.

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And they said there is famine up there.
Nobody had mentioned this before.

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So that was the instant that we realized

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uh… that 10 years after the famine

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of 70 years, early 70s. Ethiopia
was back in the same situation.

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Charles Stewart is the filmmaker

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whose images first alerted the
world, to the famine in Korem.

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It was the biblical famine which caused
hundreds and thousands of deaths.

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[sil.]

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It was the famine which led
to the Live Aid Concerts.

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Some of the worst babies, they’re just rejecting
out of famine because that’s, our babies are dead,

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they will never survive. Too late… too
late… too late… too late, we’ll take that.

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And umm… the most terrible thing,

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terrible, terrible thing. That
poor people making that decisions.

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[sil.]

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Had you felt anything like that before?
No. Nothing like that, no.

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The famine is nothing… There is… there is nothing
like famine. There is nothing like famine.

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Charles did not come out
of the famine, unscathed.

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What effect did it have on… on you?

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Uh… I think it’s a burden you carry all
your life, that arms that damages you.

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I’m damaged.

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What do you mean?

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Well, seeing people only to die and I’ve seen people,
famine people, you’d know would be dead within hours and

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seeing people that will die within days,
and if there was proper medicine,

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if there was, they would live. If
there was food, they would live.

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At time because we don’t
care enough, we don’t care.

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[sil.]

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Over the years, Charles Stewart has
carried on filming in Ethiopia,

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in bad times and good.

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This year, with his partner
Pat, he returned again.

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Now 72, he wanted to revisit the main
characters in his films, if he could find them.

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[sil.]

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So we’re going on a
journey around Ethiopia.

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The idea is to go and find all the people that
we’ve been filming over the last 25 years.

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And to… to summing up of what we’ve
seen during that period of time.

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[music]

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We rent using our own money

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and uh… say, we weren’t looking to hire

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for petrol or even a small
car or even a motorcycle.

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So we went in public transport. When we were
traveling, we did search journeys before today’s,

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uh… and we traveled like

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ordinary Ethiopian travel, on the bus.
And (inaudible), it’s hard,

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the seats are hard, sometimes
they’re very hard, 100% breakdown.

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And you wait for a bus for
a day, you don’t mind.

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In 2007, Charles had filmed an
aid program in the Meket region,

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42,000 hungry people received cash
in return for community work.

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The program was funded by the Dutch
Government and implemented on the ground

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by \"Save the Children.\" Among those who
benefited were Debru and his wife Asamu.

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Their five-year-old son, Behu, was
permanently stunted by malnutrition.

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They hope the scheme would stop, the same thing
happening to eight-month-old Micarey(ph).

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I have entered the cash program this year

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and I got money to buy food,
clothing, and seed to plant.

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From that seed, I’ll have resting and
I’m now eating the food I produced.

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So I can say that I have benefited.

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Charles had learned Dutch Government
had stopped funding the program.

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And he and Pat were anxious to find
out how Debru and Asamu were doing.

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[music]

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Hello.

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I’m so pleased to have you. I’m so
pleased to see you. How are you?

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[non-English narration]

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I’m so pleased to see you. It was
wonderful to see them again.

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[sil.]

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I don’t know what to say. I’m very, very pleased to
see them both again and their children are fine.

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(inaudible) just exactly the
same which she did before

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and she was in the same dress. I mean, she was not
rich enough to have two dresses in two years.

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But now, Asamu was even
less well-off than before.

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[non-English narration]

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We have selling and eating our property.
We have digested it.

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What happened to the \"Save the Children?\"
They don’t come anymore. When did they stop?

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You came in March that year
and they stopped in October.

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[sil.]

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Two years after Charles’s last visit, and Beyu
is improved held by the cash transfer scheme.

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But now the schemes (inaudible), the Dutch Government had
switched its funding to the Ethiopian Government’s program

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to help those without enough food.
Cash from the Ethiopian program

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had yet to reach Asamu and
Debru or their community.

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They’re much better, looking much better. Looking much
better fed, but there was… there were lots of worry on

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umm… particularly Debru looked
(inaudible) looked a worried man.

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[non-English narration]

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We borrowed 935 Birr. To repay
it, I had to sell six sheep

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and we have used what we
saved, but that isn’t enough.

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When the cash stopped, we weren’t
able to buy clothes or food.

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With no seed or ox, we gave
our land for crop share.

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So now we struggle for survival.

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The family had… were in debt, grove,
gravely in debt to the tune of a…

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It doesn’t mean anything, but to a
tune of a… They are in debt of about

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three quarters of an ox, uh… and

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that’s a serious debt. And you could say,
well, how will they ever pay, repay it?

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I couldn’t see how they would repay it.
How they got into debt?

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Borrowing for buy food.
Going to buy, buy food.

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That’s how most people get into debt.
We said, we need to pay that debt

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or buy them an ox. And
they said they like an ox.

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So we brought them an ox.

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Asamu is now pregnant with her third child. They’ll
need children to run the farm in the future,

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but it’s a future that’s still uncertain.

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These kids of mine, they are very small.

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Kids are (inaudible), but it’s not wise
to suppose, these two will survive.

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Safe Aid pulled out,

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so these people were all disfranchised. They didn’t know
what was happening. Today just for them stopped by that.

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The Ethiopian Government aims to cover
all Meket with its safety net program

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and some areas are receiving
emergency food aid from abroad.

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But Charles left Asamu and
Debru with serious concerns.

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The scheme had done a lot of good and
it has kept them going for three years,

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three and a half years, maybe. Umm… But uh…

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What happens to those people now?

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Back on the bus,

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our travelers are off to see one of the leaders
they had interviewed in the 84 famine.

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Their destination (inaudible) under
70 kilometer ride (inaudible).

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[music]

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Charles has been filming here for 25 years.
(inaudible) has changed,

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more houses, twice as many people.

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In 1984,

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(inaudible) shared the farmers association
in (inaudible). (inaudible) was at the edge

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of a famine area.

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And not social adjustment. He
was responsible for the people.

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I got some credit from (inaudible) for

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umm… the fact that I got food.

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At Sunday worship (inaudible) breaks bread for his
congregation. Now 73, a year older than Charles,

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he’s a senior priest. After the service,

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he tells Charles, 1984 could
be about to happen again.

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[non-English narration]

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We are used to good times
and are used to bad times,

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but today, for me, as
(inaudible) that’s a bad time.

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This year, the drought is at its worse.

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[sil.]

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This same as in 1984, that crops dried up,

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some have food unto July, some
have already used all their food.

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[non-English narration]

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Charles had known (inaudible) and his seven
children for a quarter of a century.

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He had lived in his house, shared his food, played
with his children, and gone to church with him.

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In 1994, he came and asked
me what was happening

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and I explained that people were dying,
people didn’t have food or seed.

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We shouted an Aid Camp,
for you, who intervened

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and told the authorities and
that is how we survived.

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Ethiopian officials told Charles,
they believed aid would come again.

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But the stakes are high.

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Every one’s still fears crop
failures like those of 84.

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Yes, but they said the rains have partially
failed, that the crop was very poor,

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so they get half a crop or
three-fourth of the crop.

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And what matter but, now (inaudible) 1984,

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what they are absolutely relying on
is the rains sort of coming in July.

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And if these are not good,
then there will be a disaster,

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another disaster.

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Many people in the drought
prone highlands have resettled

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over the last two decades.
Time to catch up.

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So we left (inaudible) where
we’ve been filming since 1984.

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One of the people we’ve started filming in 1984
left and went to resettle. His name is Atlook.

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Charles had filmed Atlook at the height
of the famine and Atlook was 18.

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Atlook left his home in Gayint, looking
for a better life elsewhere in Ethiopia.

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Seventeen years later in 2002,
Charles try to track him down.

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I can see somebody. (inaudible).

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We went on another journey, a major journey to find Atlook.
We had no idea where he was and we were hunting for him.

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We had some clues just to where
he was and it took us uh…

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around, all over, round upset in
part of Ethiopia, in the south.

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I mean, eventually we found him.

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And when we walked out to him, he couldn’t
believe it. He thought I was dead

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because he thought I was ill and he
thought I was dead. So he… he felt huh…

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Charles.

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[non-English narration]

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But where is famine survivor Atlook now?
Armed with camera and bus fares,

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Charles and Pat are back on the hunt again.
So we’re first on.

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We’re the very first on,
we’ve chosen our seats.

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A full day’s travel? Hopefully, without
a two and a half hour breakdown.

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It’s just three days in the bus.

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Now we went down the (inaudible)
uh… and up the other side

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umm… of course, the bus has
taken a terrible (inaudible).

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So there were people in them.

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[music]

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Charles and Pat found Atlook faming the
land he’d cleared seven years back.

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Last time they had met, Charles and
Pat have given him some money,

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but he used it all up and
not in the way intended.

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Yes, he gave me money to buy an
ox, farm tools, and some seeds.

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I bought an ox and a donkey with the money,

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also seeds and tools. But after
he left, we were told that

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we had illegally cut down
the forest for land.

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The court sentenced me to up to
18 months imprisonment or a fine.

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In fact, I spent two months
in prison and paid a fine.

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So all you gave me was

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sold to pay the fine, then I was free.

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[sil.]

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Free farming and still clearing the
land to feed his growing family.

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It’s a struggle. Poor nutrition has left his wife
for the goiter and there’s continuing conflict

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with the locals, the Gumuz people.

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Yes, (inaudible) they say that in the past,

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they used to get honey from the forest.
They say, the forest is becoming dry,

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unless you go our way, there
will not be any forest.

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They say, we are ploughing (inaudible),
they don’t like us ploughing.

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So they start trouble. They
want the forest and the honey,

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but because my old home is dried up,

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we have no other place. We want farm here.

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You see, if you can’t
plough, we can’t survive.

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So we are very afraid of this
people and we keep quiet.

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I was very, very angry

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because Atlook wants to get the hell
out of that place as quickly as he can

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because he fears for his life and he
fears for the life of his children.

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In February, Charles donated his filming
rushes to the Ethiopian Government.

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So he told Atlook, he had the honor
of being in the national archive.

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Charles didn’t get the
reaction he expected.

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(inaudible), in fact, he was incensed,
he was really angry, he was (inaudible),

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feeling at risk for his life
and the life of the family,

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living on, absolutely on the edge of
existence, thinking uh… we will be killed.

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And then it’s my image and my
life in the national archive,

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it’s intolerable. And then he started…

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and then he swung into (inaudible) and you have
been living on me as well and here I am nothing.

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And of course, he’s perfectly
right, but perfectly correct.

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[sil.]

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So we’ve set up filming in the morning

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and we’re trying to hold on that
anger that he had, but it had gone,

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he was sorry and we got sound pitted,
we didn’t got that anger, the anger

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he blown the anger out of himself.

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As Mr. Charles say last night,
I worked for the archive,

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the money is finished, but it is a
privilege to work with the foreigners

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and the people see this
even if I have no money.

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I have this honor and it is my pride and
the honor will last into the future.

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[non-English narration]

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Life is very hard. Loneliness,
the situation today, the money,

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without support, a man cannot
hung onto life and grow,

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but I don’t expect change. Life is becoming

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hard and incredibly terrifying.

00:20:45.000 --> 00:20:49.999
I… I felt very humbled by what Atlook said.
I agreed with him.

00:20:50.000 --> 00:20:54.999
We had no right to… to benefit in
this way without him benefiting.

00:20:55.000 --> 00:20:59.999
[sil.]

00:21:00.000 --> 00:21:04.999
Out of the(inaudible) I’ve given him five ox and did
some help, but it’s not enough how to transform him.

00:21:05.000 --> 00:21:09.999
The problem with the documentary
filmmaker, like me as you don’t

00:21:10.000 --> 00:21:14.999
you… you need to help people and
it’s only rightly help people,

00:21:15.000 --> 00:21:19.999
you give people substantial help, but you
don’t grab them and change their lives.

00:21:20.000 --> 00:21:28.000
[sil.]

00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:34.999
So how did you feel about the whole trip in the end?
You comeback… Very sad, very chasing, very humble

00:21:35.000 --> 00:21:39.999
and umm… It seems to me

00:21:40.000 --> 00:21:44.999
that Ethiopia has got poorer. But
(inaudible) all the towns are blustering.

00:21:45.000 --> 00:21:49.999
So there’s an explosion in the place and
there’s energy, you could feel the energy,

00:21:50.000 --> 00:21:54.999
but there isn’t in the countryside, it’s been just
left behind and suffering… suffering… suffering.

00:21:55.000 --> 00:21:59.999
So this… this explosion
and energy and wealth

00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:04.999
are not touching the people in
the country as far as I can see.

00:22:05.000 --> 00:22:09.999
Ten million of them are still needing
aid, food. Ten million people in Ethiopia

00:22:10.000 --> 00:22:14.999
are not producing enough
food to feed themselves.

00:22:15.000 --> 00:22:19.999
Back in Briton, time to visit
\"Save the Children\" in London.

00:22:20.000 --> 00:22:24.999
Charles wanted to know about the cash transfer
scheme in Meket and why it had stopped.

00:22:25.000 --> 00:22:29.999
I remember that this
program was working with

00:22:30.000 --> 00:22:34.999
uh… 42,000 beneficiaries
spread across our district.

00:22:35.000 --> 00:22:39.999
The challenge in this particular program
was to support via cash benefits

00:22:40.000 --> 00:22:44.999
to families to help them
improve their livelihoods.

00:22:45.000 --> 00:22:49.999
We tried to secure additional funding from donors,
uh… to continue our work in this community.

00:22:50.000 --> 00:22:54.999
We were unsuccessful in getting that additional
funding. As a charity, we rely on donors

00:22:55.000 --> 00:22:59.999
to provide that assistance uh… and so
that… that program came to an end.

00:23:00.000 --> 00:23:04.999
Uh… We did during the course of five years,
worked with the government of Ethiopia and

00:23:05.000 --> 00:23:09.999
helping them set up their uh…
their social protection program,

00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:14.999
uh… but again, that’s… there were not
enough resources to each every family.

00:23:15.000 --> 00:23:19.999
Charles is now back home

00:23:20.000 --> 00:23:24.999
in Gloucestershire’s Forest of Dean.

00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:29.999
What gives you a kick is the speed
and the road that’s just there.

00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:34.999
The road is just passing you by and

00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:39.999
you’re very vulnerable, and
we’re vulnerable in Ethiopia.

00:23:40.000 --> 00:23:44.999
We managed back those people that allow
us and accept us and don’t hurt us.

00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:49.999
But we must (inaudible) seem like
millionaires to people in Ethiopia

00:23:50.000 --> 00:23:54.999
who come there, (inaudible) can’t go away.

00:23:55.000 --> 00:23:59.999
Go to our own food and own soft easy lives.

00:24:00.000 --> 00:24:04.999
Come back to Gloucestershire?

00:24:05.000 --> 00:24:09.999
Come back to Gloucestershire where
it’s green. Great (inaudible).

00:24:10.000 --> 00:24:14.999
It’s an easy life,

00:24:15.000 --> 00:24:19.999
whereas the people in Ethiopia
have a very, very hard life.

00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:24.999
When your children are going to bed
hungry, that must be a terrible thing.

00:24:25.000 --> 00:24:29.999
And when you see your children stunted and running nose and
eyes washing because they have not got proper nutrition.

00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:34.999
That’s bad. That is terrible.
That is on the edge.

00:24:35.000 --> 00:24:39.999
That is on the edge.

00:24:40.000 --> 00:24:44.999
[sil.]

00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:49.999
I’m Charles Stewart, I’m a filmmaker.
I’ve been making films since 1965.

00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:54.999
I’ve been filming in Ethiopia since 1984,

00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:59.999
but accident, I happened to be there where
was a famine and I happened to record it.

00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:05.000
[sil.]