00:00:08:20 00:00:09:20

Bradshaw: ABC—

 

00:00:09:21 00:00:11:05

Abstinence,

Be Faithful, Condoms—

 

00:00:11:06 00:00:14:12

is the widely accepted message

against HIV/AIDS.

 

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President Bush

would like to stress A and B.

 

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President Obama—

well, it's still early days.

 

00:00:19:09 00:00:22:18

But campaigners for condoms

hope this is their moment.

 

00:00:22:19 00:00:24:28

In Mozambique,

we found one young woman

 

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on the edge of the debate.

 

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[dramatic music]

 

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♪ ♪

 

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[lively dance music]

 

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♪ ♪

 

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Like all countries

in southern Africa,

 

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Mozambique suffers

from HIV/AIDS.

 

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Every year,

millions of dollars are spent

 

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on prevention campaigns,

 

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including promoting condoms.

 

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But the battle is far from won,

 

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and one person thinks

she knows why.

 

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- [speaking native language]

 

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- I don't know how many students

there are.

 

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Maybe 8,000.

 

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To pick up condoms?

 

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I have the records here.

 

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Maybe 100 per month.

 

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Bradshaw: At the Northeast

Secondary School

 

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in the capital Maputo,

 

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22-year-old Sheila is a trained

sexual health counselor.

 

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In her office,

young people come to her

 

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with their intimate problems.

 

00:02:17:17 00:02:18:25

- [speaking native language]

 

00:02:18:26 00:02:20:28

- I'm having a problem

with my girlfriend.

 

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We have been going steady

for three years now,

 

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but lately her behavior

has changed,

 

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and we quarrel a lot.

 

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So I would like your advice.

 

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We were afraid of pregnancy,

 

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but AIDS was never on our minds.

 

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- You trusted her before?

 

00:02:36:29 00:02:37:28

- I did.

 

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- And you did not use a condom?

 

00:02:39:10 00:02:40:22

- Often we didn't use it.

 

00:02:40:23 00:02:42:26

- Because you trusted her?

 

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- I risked it

because I trusted her,

 

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but I mistrust her

at the same time.

 

00:02:47:18 00:02:50:16

- And when you are with

the other girls?

 

00:02:50:17 00:02:52:25

- I've got my girlfriend,

the one I plan to marry,

 

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but I have also a friend.

 

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With her, I never have sex

without a condom.

 

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But with my girlfriend,

 

00:02:59:21 00:03:01:23

very often we have sex

without a condom.

 

00:03:01:24 00:03:03:01

- Because you trusted her?

 

00:03:03:02 00:03:04:15

- I trusted her.

 

00:03:04:16 00:03:06:10

- But now she's become like

your other friend.

 

00:03:06:11 00:03:08:02

- Exactly.

 

00:03:08:03 00:03:09:24

- You don't need to let her

understand

 

00:03:09:25 00:03:14:06

that you don't trust her

anymore.

 

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The woman is more horny

in her fertile days,

 

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and it's exactly then

that you guys stop having sex.

 

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You introduce the condom

as contraception

 

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to avoid these stops

that are not good for you,

 

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nor for her.

 

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To ejaculate outside,

 

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because at that moment,

you lose your concentration.

 

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- You're right.

 

00:03:36:01 00:03:38:25

- But a condom allows you

all this.

 

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Bradshaw:

The message is clear.

 

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Selling condoms as barriers

against HIV

 

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can suggest couples

don't trust each other,

 

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so Sheila's convinced

it's easier to sell condoms

 

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as contraceptives.

 

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Today in her office,

 

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she's tearing down

the public health posters.

 

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For Sheila, condoms are the main

weapon against HIV/AIDS,

 

00:04:00:16 00:04:03:01

but they must have

the right image.

 

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The unbranded white condoms

 

00:04:04:28 00:04:07:28

are the ones distributed

in schools and clinics.

 

00:04:07:29 00:04:12:28

Must better, she says,

those more sexy branded ones.

 

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Sheila lives at her grandma's.

 

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A churchgoing Christian,

 

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she wants to train as a lawyer.

 

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She says what some in the big

health agencies think privately.

 

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- The condom is too associated

with HIV,

 

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and so it's become stigmatized

in the people's minds.

 

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Bradshaw:

She's backed by market research,

 

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which shows trust

in relationships

 

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is the main reason

for not using condoms.

 

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Sheila knows sex and romance

sell,

 

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so why not use them

to promote condoms?

 

00:04:59:27 00:05:01:22

She's working on a radio program

 

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to try her message

on a wider audience.

 

00:05:04:25 00:05:06:00

- [speaking native language]

 

00:05:06:01 00:05:07:24

- Grandma!

 

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Bradshaw:

It's for 99 FM,

 

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a popular national

radio station.

 

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Today is the big sell.

 

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- [speaking native language]

 

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- I'm very nervous.

 

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I'm in the hands of God.

 

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Bradshaw: Sheila's off to see

the head of the station,

 

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but will he buy

her maverick message?

 

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- [speaking native language]

 

00:05:54:09 00:05:56:17

- Okay, I see more or less

what you want.

 

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This radio station is not

engaged in condom promotion

 

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or any of these campaigns

the National AIDS Council does,

 

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because I think the approach

they have taken

 

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has not been very effective.

 

00:06:07:25 00:06:10:18

- Our idea is to make

a pilot program.

 

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- Yesterday, I attend

a nonreligious ceremony

 

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in Chibuto.

 

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They had a box with condoms

like this one.

 

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I didn't want to take any.

 

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- Exactly.

 

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- But what are we going to say

in the program?

 

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"Not your dad's condom"?

 

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Or are we going to say,

"AIDS condom, yes"?

 

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- No, our objective is to say

yes to the condom.

 

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You have to come.

 

00:06:31:15 00:06:35:04

It was great,

but I was nervous.

 

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Make sure you bring

some good ideas.

 

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[sighs]

 

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[lively dance music]

 

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♪ ♪

 

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Bradshaw: Not only have they

given her airtime,

 

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99 FM has given Sheila

her own team.

 

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Their slogan:

"For Your Up Moments."

 

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♪ ♪

 

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Public health campaigns

find it difficult

 

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to link condoms with pleasure.

 

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♪ ♪

 

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But can you really

sell condoms better

 

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branding them with sex

than with illness?

 

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- [speaking native language]

 

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- [speaking native language]

 

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Bradshaw: Sheila was trained

by the UN Population Fund,

 

00:08:09:02 00:08:10:13

the UNFPA.

 

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They've set up youth corners

like Sheila's

 

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at secondary schools.

 

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She's learned that addressing

concerns about love and sex

 

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is what sells condoms.

 

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The UNFPA is sympathetic

 

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but doesn't officially endorse

her approach.

 

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So in a diverse society

like Mozambique,

 

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how openly can you talk

about sexuality?

 

00:08:44:05 00:08:46:23

- Dr. Patricia, do you think

we are winning the fight

 

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against HIV/AIDS?

 

00:08:50:15 00:08:54:29

- In this country, HIV/AIDS

is a very serious problem,

 

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but we are working together

with the government

 

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so that all young people

have information,

 

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that they have access—

 

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access to the condom—

 

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and that it is easy to use

for them,

 

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that they feel comfortable

 

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and that they are preventing

infections.

 

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- The UNFPA programs

have a more open approach.

 

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I would like to know if that

doesn't shock the communities.

 

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- But it is very important

that the message that goes out

 

00:09:36:13 00:09:40:27

to the youth is in sync

with their reality.

 

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Certainly there will be

conflicts sometimes.

 

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Bradshaw: Sheila's concerned

that the white unbranded condoms

 

00:09:49:21 00:09:53:18

distributed in schools and

health clinics put people off.

 

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To find out if that can change,

 

00:09:55:16 00:09:57:11

she's off to

the National AIDS Council.

 

00:09:57:12 00:10:00:24

They coordinate Mozambique's

prevention strategy.

 

00:10:00:25 00:10:03:28

- [speaking native language]

 

00:10:03:29 00:10:10:00

- This package, doesn't it give

the impression of a medicine?

 

00:10:10:01 00:10:17:10

If it is a medicine, people will

think it's for curing the sick.

 

00:10:17:11 00:10:20:04

Is there a chance to change this

 

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into something that young people

would like to use

 

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in their relationships?

 

00:10:27:12 00:10:30:15

- No.

- No?

 

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- The order, for they come

in two years,

 

00:10:32:13 00:10:35:06

was put in last year.

 

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- And they come like this?

 

00:10:37:07 00:10:38:22

- Exactly.

 

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- But we can expect a change.

 

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- Who am I to block

that possibility?

 

00:10:54:25 00:10:57:25

- Okay?

- Yeah.

 

00:10:57:26 00:10:59:28

It was okay.

 

00:10:59:29 00:11:02:18

Yeah.

 

00:11:02:19 00:11:04:19

I need to think about

everything,

 

00:11:04:20 00:11:06:23

but it was good.

 

00:11:06:24 00:11:09:24

It was very good.

 

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So since he said that he's

putting the order,

 

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my mission is to gather proof.

 

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And with that proof,

I want them to cancel the order.

 

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Bradshaw:

Sunday, and time for church.

 

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Sheila's evangelical.

 

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Here, abstinence and fidelity

 

00:11:46:13 00:11:50:07

are seen as weapons

against AIDS.

 

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The Vatican would like to ban

condoms altogether,

 

00:11:53:08 00:11:57:08

but Sheila wants

an inclusive approach.

 

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- [speaking native language]

 

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[all shouting indistinctly]

 

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- Those who go to church

believe,

 

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but there are those

that don't go.

 

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If one day this person accepts

to go to church,

 

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that's fine.

 

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If not, we have to give them

other options.

 

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We are not simply going

to abandon them

 

00:12:48:22 00:12:52:08

because they did not want

to come to church.

 

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Bradshaw:

Next day, the local market.

 

00:12:59:08 00:13:00:15

She's buying things

 

00:13:00:16 00:13:02:18

that will make people feel sexy

and at ease

 

00:13:02:19 00:13:05:01

during her interviews.

 

00:13:08:11 00:13:11:21

In the cities, people can buy

sexy branded condoms,

 

00:13:11:22 00:13:16:21

the kinds Sheila reckons

that people will use.

 

00:13:16:22 00:13:19:24

She's also collecting

the white condoms.

 

00:13:19:25 00:13:23:18

Is there any way

she can sell these to people?

 

00:13:23:19 00:13:26:04

Sheila's got an idea.

 

00:13:33:02 00:13:35:22

It's late night

at Sheila's house.

 

00:13:35:23 00:13:41:13

She's with a friend who

repackages goods for a living.

 

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They're repackaging

the white condoms

 

00:13:43:11 00:13:48:06

together with branded condoms.

 

00:13:48:07 00:13:53:03

- [speaking native language]

 

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- We want our condoms to have

the same message.

 

00:13:57:22 00:14:01:29

That's why we are packaging them

together,

 

00:14:02:00 00:14:05:06

to show they are all the same.

 

00:14:13:16 00:14:14:21

Bradshaw:

Early morning,

 

00:14:14:22 00:14:16:29

and time to take the show

on the road.

 

00:14:17:00 00:14:18:29

Today, to Chinhanguanine,

 

00:14:19:00 00:14:24:00

100 kilometers north

of Maputo.

 

00:14:24:01 00:14:26:29

For her program, Sheila wants

people to talk openly

 

00:14:27:00 00:14:29:04

about their sex lives.

 

00:14:29:05 00:14:30:22

She hopes their stories

will reveal

 

00:14:30:23 00:14:33:12

why they should use condoms.

 

00:14:33:13 00:14:35:16

But will people talk?

 

00:14:35:17 00:14:39:25

- [speaking native language]

 

00:14:39:26 00:14:42:10

Ah!

 

00:14:42:11 00:14:44:05

- She may choose.

 

00:14:44:06 00:14:46:07

It's to make her feel

more girlish.

 

00:14:46:08 00:14:49:12

Do you remember

the good old times?

 

00:14:49:13 00:14:51:26

How was it,

the first time?

 

00:14:51:27 00:14:53:15

The first child?

 

00:14:53:16 00:14:55:22

- It happened when I was

fooling around.

 

00:14:55:23 00:14:57:16

I cannot lie about that.

 

00:14:57:17 00:14:59:29

- Did you go out at night?

 

00:15:00:02 00:15:01:09

- Yes.

 

00:15:01:10 00:15:05:03

- And when you went,

what did you say at home?

 

00:15:05:04 00:15:06:29

- I didn't say anything.

 

00:15:07:00 00:15:08:26

I just sneaked out.

 

00:15:08:27 00:15:14:09

If I had told, Mom would never

have let me go.

 

00:15:14:10 00:15:17:09

- They never noticed?

 

00:15:17:10 00:15:18:28

- They only noticed

when I fell pregnant.

 

00:15:18:29 00:15:23:17

That's when they discovered

everything.

 

00:15:23:18 00:15:26:18

In the morning,

she took me to his house to ask,

 

00:15:26:19 00:15:29:26

and the guy denied.

 

00:15:29:27 00:15:32:00

"And now how are you going

to be,

 

00:15:32:01 00:15:36:01

if you'd buy some pills

to abort it?"

 

00:15:36:02 00:15:37:28

I said, "No, I don't want that.

 

00:15:37:29 00:15:40:24

I want to stay with

this pregnancy."

 

00:15:40:25 00:15:43:00

Bradshaw: Sex and birth control,

says Sheila,

 

00:15:43:01 00:15:45:11

that's why condoms

were invented.

 

00:15:45:12 00:15:48:01

It's common ground

that brings partners together,

 

00:15:48:02 00:15:53:14

when talk of HIV

can drive them apart.

 

00:15:56:05 00:15:58:27

She's taking the message

to the local school

 

00:15:58:28 00:16:00:06

to see how it plays

 

00:16:00:07 00:16:03:16

together with the repackaged

condoms.

 

00:16:03:17 00:16:05:20

- [speaking native language]

 

00:16:05:21 00:16:12:11

- Our mothers fell pregnant

at the age of 14, 15, 16, 17.

 

00:16:12:12 00:16:13:29

They lived their sexuality

 

00:16:14:00 00:16:18:10

at the moment they felt

the time had come.

 

00:16:18:11 00:16:20:09

I want you to tell me,

 

00:16:20:10 00:16:24:29

what do you do to live

your sexuality,

 

00:16:25:00 00:16:30:29

without having the same problems

our mothers had?

 

00:16:31:00 00:16:33:24

Huh?

What did you say?

 

00:16:33:25 00:16:35:03

- I used a condom.

 

00:16:35:04 00:16:37:03

- You used a condom?

Thank you.

 

00:16:37:04 00:16:38:19

Ping-pong.

Another one.

 

00:16:38:20 00:16:40:00

What do you do?

 

00:16:40:01 00:16:46:26

[all speaking native language]

 

00:16:52:13 00:16:53:29

- Condom.

- Huh?

 

00:16:54:00 00:16:55:14

- Condom.

- Condom.

 

00:17:05:15 00:17:07:01

- Be faithful to my boyfriend.

 

00:17:07:02 00:17:08:23

- Be faithful to your boyfriend.

 

00:17:08:24 00:17:10:28

I have to be faithful

to my boyfriend,

 

00:17:10:29 00:17:13:13

but I also have to be faithful

to the condom,

 

00:17:13:14 00:17:15:21

because the day my boyfriend

drops me,

 

00:17:15:22 00:17:19:08

the condom will stay with me.

 

00:17:19:09 00:17:22:08

- [singing in native language]

 

00:17:22:09 00:17:30:09

♪ ♪

 

00:17:40:29 00:17:43:12

[upbeat dance music]

 

00:17:43:13 00:17:45:10

Bradshaw: Sheila's taking

her message to people

 

00:17:45:11 00:17:49:04

that may never have seen

sexily packed condoms before.

 

00:17:49:05 00:17:53:05

But will her approach shock?

 

00:17:53:06 00:18:01:08

♪ ♪

 

00:18:03:15 00:18:05:28

AIDS campaigners are now

finding out

 

00:18:05:29 00:18:10:01

that infections are increasingly

within married couples.

 

00:18:10:02 00:18:13:12

So can Sheila find a reason

for introducing condoms

 

00:18:13:13 00:18:16:07

in a married relationship?

 

00:18:27:16 00:18:33:03

Sheila and colleague Arthur are

going to try and persuade David

 

00:18:33:04 00:18:35:02

along with shining his shoes.

 

00:18:39:24 00:18:40:28

- [speaking native language]

 

00:18:40:29 00:18:41:28

- No, no.

 

00:18:41:29 00:18:43:29

I never used a condom,

 

00:18:44:00 00:18:45:21

and I will never use it.

 

00:18:45:22 00:18:49:21

With Moses, I say,

mate on mate,

 

00:18:49:22 00:18:53:13

an eye for an eye,

and a tooth for a tooth.

 

00:18:56:26 00:18:59:02

- A woman,

when she gets pregnant,

 

00:18:59:03 00:19:01:25

needs the time to recover

for the child to grow

 

00:19:01:26 00:19:06:07

before she can fall pregnant

again.

 

00:19:06:08 00:19:11:04

Can you hang on and abstain

from having sex with her?

 

00:19:11:05 00:19:13:16

- Yes.

 

00:19:13:17 00:19:18:17

I can abstain for six months,

two months, four months.

 

00:19:18:18 00:19:26:04

That means nothing for a man

who loves his wife.

 

00:19:26:05 00:19:28:08

- Two months for a baby?

 

00:19:28:09 00:19:29:20

Can you hang on for two years

 

00:19:29:21 00:19:32:11

before you have sex again

with your wife?

 

00:19:32:12 00:19:35:09

- No, of course not.

 

00:19:35:10 00:19:36:27

- What would you do?

 

00:19:36:28 00:19:41:15

- I will go without a condom.

 

00:19:41:16 00:19:43:28

- So because you've never used

a condom,

 

00:19:43:29 00:19:48:18

you can try this one

to start with.

 

00:19:48:19 00:19:50:18

This is a condom.

 

00:19:50:19 00:19:54:14

There is this one

and this one.

 

00:19:54:15 00:19:56:23

This is a mixture

of three different types—

 

00:19:56:24 00:20:01:04

this type, that type,

and the other type.

 

00:20:01:05 00:20:03:26

So you try,

and the one you like most,

 

00:20:03:27 00:20:07:08

you start using always.

 

00:20:07:09 00:20:10:12

Bradshaw:

Later, time for a call to David.

 

00:20:10:13 00:20:14:00

- Oh, so you've decided

to use them?

 

00:20:18:23 00:20:20:06

You loved it?

 

00:20:20:07 00:20:22:25

Bradshaw:

Perhaps another condom convert.

 

00:20:22:26 00:20:25:02

- So when your wife

falls pregnant,

 

00:20:25:03 00:20:27:05

you don't have to abstain;

 

00:20:27:06 00:20:30:21

just use a condom.

 

00:20:30:22 00:20:33:10

Bradshaw: The road show stops

for the night;

 

00:20:33:11 00:20:37:19

condoms on offer

to any passerby.

 

00:20:37:20 00:20:40:06

In fact, these are all

white condoms,

 

00:20:40:07 00:20:42:07

but Sheila has disguised some,

 

00:20:42:08 00:20:45:09

repackaging them

as branded condoms.

 

00:20:45:10 00:20:47:24

Will anybody complain?

 

00:20:47:25 00:20:50:29

- So we're going to offer you

condoms.

 

00:20:51:00 00:20:52:11

For free.

 

00:20:52:12 00:20:54:24

- For free?

- No, you pay for them.

 

00:20:54:25 00:20:57:02

- You're crazy.

Paying for condoms?

 

00:20:57:03 00:20:58:02

To who?

 

00:20:58:03 00:21:00:02

- We're joking.

Jeez.

 

00:21:06:09 00:21:08:04

- Instead of giving us money,

 

00:21:08:05 00:21:12:17

they came to give us condoms

with AIDS.

 

00:21:12:18 00:21:14:24

- I'm not afraid.

 

00:21:20:19 00:21:23:25

- Hey, look.

 

00:21:23:26 00:21:26:23

You fooled me.

 

00:21:26:24 00:21:29:20

You used them yourself,

and now you give me this one.

 

00:21:29:21 00:21:32:16

Look, this is my favorite brand.

 

00:21:32:17 00:21:34:06

- Look, my packing is different,

 

00:21:34:07 00:21:37:01

but the condoms in there

are all the white ones.

 

00:21:37:02 00:21:39:03

- The condoms that were here,

where are they?

 

00:21:39:04 00:21:40:24

- You don't like this?

 

00:21:40:25 00:21:44:02

- No.

We don't like them.

 

00:21:44:03 00:21:45:19

- Why?

 

00:21:45:20 00:21:49:14

- They smell rubber.

 

00:21:49:15 00:21:52:14

Even a child would not make

a football out of them.

 

00:21:52:15 00:21:53:18

- What would you like?

 

00:21:53:19 00:21:56:20

- I like the scented ones.

 

00:21:56:21 00:21:59:05

Bradshaw: Sheila reckons

linking condoms to HIV

 

00:21:59:06 00:22:02:10

is not just useless,

but confusing,

 

00:22:02:11 00:22:07:28

encouraging rumors that condoms

actually contain the HIV virus.

 

00:22:07:29 00:22:10:22

- Those who say we are bringing

AIDS, you lose out now.

 

00:22:10:23 00:22:12:08

Do these have AIDS?

 

00:22:12:09 00:22:14:23

- No, these have no AIDS.

 

00:22:14:24 00:22:16:20

- So you're going to use

all of this?

 

00:22:16:21 00:22:22:07

- Thank you very much.

Thank you very much.

 

00:22:22:08 00:22:25:19

- God bless you.

 

00:22:25:20 00:22:27:13

Bradshaw:

Sheila's found different reasons

 

00:22:27:14 00:22:30:00

for condom use

in each of her interviews,

 

00:22:30:01 00:22:33:15

even though no one

mentioned AIDS.

 

00:22:33:16 00:22:37:06

She takes her findings back

to the National AIDS Council.

 

00:22:37:07 00:22:39:03

But with the scale

of the pandemic,

 

00:22:39:04 00:22:44:02

can they risk abandoning

the public health message?

 

00:22:45:11 00:22:47:12

- Do you admit that before

 

00:22:47:13 00:22:49:13

we had the the problem

of pregnancy and abortion

 

00:22:49:14 00:22:51:16

that has always been there?

 

00:22:54:26 00:22:59:24

- Unwanted pregnancy

is a localized problem.

 

00:22:59:25 00:23:01:14

AIDS is a central problem.

 

00:23:01:15 00:23:03:17

- Of the government.

 

00:23:03:18 00:23:06:00

- A central problem of today

 

00:23:06:01 00:23:10:01

is that I have an infection rate

of 16%.

 

00:23:10:02 00:23:15:18

I have got 1,600,000 people

infected,

 

00:23:15:19 00:23:18:06

and that could compromise

the development prospect

 

00:23:18:07 00:23:19:22

of the country.

 

00:23:19:23 00:23:23:22

That is the central problem.

 

00:23:23:23 00:23:25:01

Bradshaw: For those responsible

 

00:23:25:02 00:23:27:12

for mitigating the impact

of the pandemic,

 

00:23:27:13 00:23:31:02

Sheila's message may be

far too risky.

 

00:23:31:03 00:23:35:03

It is a message

on the edge of the debate.

 

00:23:35:04 00:23:40:04

But the debate may be moving

her way.

 

00:23:40:05 00:23:43:15

- Probably it is necessary

for me, one day,

 

00:23:43:16 00:23:47:20

to invite Mr. Diogo to take off

his suit, put on shorts,

 

00:23:47:21 00:23:50:09

a T-shirt,

a pair of flip-flops,

 

00:23:50:10 00:23:54:11

and enter the communities,

 

00:23:54:12 00:23:57:07

and take with him the message

of pregnancy,

 

00:23:57:08 00:23:59:28

abandoned women,

 

00:23:59:29 00:24:01:12

dropouts,

 

00:24:01:13 00:24:04:03

sex after pregnancy,

 

00:24:04:04 00:24:09:27

and make those messages

the image of the condom,

 

00:24:09:28 00:24:11:23

and solve the problem,

 

00:24:11:24 00:24:16:26

based on the problems

of the people.