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01:00:00,876 --> 01:00:03,768
[solemn string music]

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01:00:03,792 --> 01:00:11,792
♪ ♪

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01:00:15,999 --> 01:00:19,975
(Dodson)
We are born into a world
where we already have meaning.

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01:00:19,999 --> 01:00:21,935
We have meaning,

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01:00:21,959 --> 01:00:24,852
because we're born
with a particular kinship.

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We're born with a name.

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01:00:26,375 --> 01:00:28,810
We're born with a spirit being

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01:00:28,834 --> 01:00:31,435
that will return to the land
when we die.

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01:00:31,459 --> 01:00:32,477
We know that.

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01:00:32,501 --> 01:00:33,685
[children laughing]

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01:00:33,709 --> 01:00:35,268
[percussive rhythm playing]

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01:00:35,292 --> 01:00:37,685
(Dodson)
I think the West
hasn't quite understood

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01:00:37,709 --> 01:00:39,975
the need to have a spirituality

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01:00:39,999 --> 01:00:42,751
that links to the land
upon which they live.

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01:00:47,334 --> 01:00:48,852
(male narrator)
Around the world,

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01:00:48,876 --> 01:00:52,435
indigenous people fight
for their islands of sanctuary,

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01:00:52,459 --> 01:00:55,101
where restoration
of the environment and culture

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01:00:55,125 --> 01:00:57,560
go hand in hand.

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01:00:57,584 --> 01:01:00,435
(Yunupingu)
We can live on the land
like nobody does.

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01:01:00,459 --> 01:01:02,810
How come we lived this long

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and the Australian government
is still running around

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trying to kill us off?

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(narrator)
In Northern Australia,

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01:01:14,751 --> 01:01:18,310
Aboriginal clans
confront a mining boom

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01:01:18,334 --> 01:01:21,999
and fight to establish
Indigenous Protected Areas.

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01:01:23,292 --> 01:01:25,975
And native Hawaiians
restore an island,

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01:01:25,999 --> 01:01:28,602
regained after 50 years
of bombing.

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(McGregor)
We had to challenge
U.S. control over this land

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with continued occupation
in the face of the military.

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(Derek Mar)
If we can fight
the most powerful armed force

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the world has ever known

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and win,

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the possibilities are endless

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for other indigenous peoples
throughout the world.

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[gentle music]

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01:01:52,584 --> 01:01:59,584
♪ ♪

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(female announcer)
Funding for theStanding
on Sacred Groundseries

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has been provided by

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the Corporation
for Public Broadcasting.

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01:02:09,584 --> 01:02:12,584
Additional funding was provided
by the following:

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01:02:17,999 --> 01:02:19,999
A complete list is available at:

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01:02:25,626 --> 01:02:28,602
[traditional Aboriginal music]

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01:02:28,626 --> 01:02:36,626
♪ ♪

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01:02:55,751 --> 01:02:57,768
(narrator)
Australia's Northern Territory

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01:02:57,792 --> 01:03:00,975
is marked by conflicts
over Aboriginal lands:

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a mine on the McArthur River,

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the birthplace
of the land rights movement

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on the Gove Peninsula,

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and in Arnhem Land,

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reclaimed country
now under indigenous management.

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01:03:14,250 --> 01:03:16,602
Unseen by Western eyes,

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01:03:16,626 --> 01:03:19,101
song lines have guided
Aboriginal culture

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01:03:19,125 --> 01:03:22,918
since the era of creation--
the Dreamtime.

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01:03:25,209 --> 01:03:27,518
(McCarthy)
The land tracks
around the Gulf Region

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are based on what we called
song lines orgudjiga.

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01:03:31,542 --> 01:03:35,975
And thatgudjiga
tells the story like a map.

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01:03:35,999 --> 01:03:38,959
It's the singing of the map
of the country.

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01:03:39,999 --> 01:03:43,975
So when a person
would walk across country,

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they would sing that country,

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01:03:45,375 --> 01:03:46,727
and they would name
that tree,

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and they would name
that river,

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and they would name
that rock.

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That way, there was
a sense of knowing,

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"Well, this is where I am.

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"I'm not lost.

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I can see that sacred site
over there."

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[speaking
native language]

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01:04:20,042 --> 01:04:22,935
European humans have been
on the Australian continent

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only for about 200 years.

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01:04:25,167 --> 01:04:28,143
There's absolutely clear
archaeological evidence

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01:04:28,167 --> 01:04:31,584
that Aboriginal people
have been here for 50,000 years.

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It's the longest continuous
existing culture

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we know about on the planet.

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[laughter]

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01:04:40,751 --> 01:04:42,351
(Mackey)
And if you look
around the world

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01:04:42,375 --> 01:04:44,975
where nature is still in plenty,

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everywhere in those lands,
there are traditional people.

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The natural ecosystem
still exists here.

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And that's why it's healthy

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and the people are healthy,

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countries are healthy.

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(narrator)
The Arnhem Land Plateau

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is part of the biggest, oldest,
and most diverse

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tropical savanna
in the world.

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01:05:08,042 --> 01:05:09,975
In the last century,

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the plateau was abandoned
by an essential species.

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People left Arnhem Land,

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lured by missions
and white towns

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and the promise of protection
from vigilantes.

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After a half century of exile,

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Kunwinjku people
have come back.

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01:05:27,667 --> 01:05:30,226
Wamud Namok
was the visionary artist

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01:05:30,250 --> 01:05:32,975
who led his people
back to Arnhem Land,

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where he lived as a child,

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01:05:34,584 --> 01:05:38,101
sheltered under rocks
now covered in his own paintings

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and those
thousands of years old.

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(Yibarbuk)
It's a spiritual country.

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When we look
at the whole landscape,

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01:05:57,999 --> 01:05:59,393
you know, people may think,

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01:05:59,417 --> 01:06:02,518
"Oh, it's just an ordinary hill
or an ordinary rock."

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It's an object that is sacred
to our understanding.

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[singing
in native language]

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(Yibarbuk)
His last wish is trying

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to bring people back
and work

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01:06:14,792 --> 01:06:15,975
in their own country,

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as been done
for thousands of years.

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01:06:18,792 --> 01:06:22,727
[people speaking
native language]

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01:06:22,751 --> 01:06:25,018
(narrator)
In the hunter-gatherer
tradition,

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Aboriginal stewards of the land
find food everywhere

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and teach younger generations
how to care for species

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like the sugarbag,

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a bee that makes hives
in trees.

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For 50,000 years,

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every plant and animal species
that we see around us today

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coexisted
with Aboriginal people.

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So for a start, they must have
been doing something right.

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01:06:49,834 --> 01:06:52,834
[both speaking native language]

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Wamud?

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01:06:56,334 --> 01:06:58,560
(narrator)
Wamud Namok lived long enough

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to see his homeland
officially recognized

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as an Indigenous Protected Area.

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Land management decisions

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are once again made
by clan elders,

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who have reintroduced
traditional ways

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of taking care of country.

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Early-season controlled burns

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thin undergrowth
without damaging big trees

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and prevent
catastrophic wildfires

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01:07:25,999 --> 01:07:29,018
later in the season.

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The great accomplishment
of Aboriginal people

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was to learn how to tame
this fire-prone continent

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by the intelligent use
of fire.

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And when the British came,

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what they found
were parklike expanses

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of lightly wooded pastures.

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01:07:48,501 --> 01:07:51,959
And they thought
that they'd found Eden.

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01:07:54,459 --> 01:07:57,477
And they thought it was natural,
but it wasn't natural.

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It was a human-made landscape.

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01:08:02,999 --> 01:08:05,768
And in 1770,

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Captain Cook declared

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the east coast of Australia
a British possession.

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01:08:11,751 --> 01:08:14,435
And thereafter,
according to British law,

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01:08:14,459 --> 01:08:19,435
Aboriginal people were no longer
the owners of their land.

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01:08:19,459 --> 01:08:22,643
The Anglican chaplain
to the colony

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01:08:22,667 --> 01:08:26,083
declared that Aboriginal people
did not have souls.

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01:08:27,999 --> 01:08:31,185
And this view justified
the various attempts

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01:08:31,209 --> 01:08:33,999
to eliminate local populations.

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01:08:36,459 --> 01:08:39,727
(narrator)
The English saw Australia
asterra nullius--

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01:08:39,751 --> 01:08:43,143
no-man's-land,
belonging to no one.

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01:08:43,167 --> 01:08:44,727
The newcomers were blind

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01:08:44,751 --> 01:08:47,310
to thousands
of sacred natural sites

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01:08:47,334 --> 01:08:50,685
revered by Aboriginal people
as the dwelling places

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of spirit beings
from an ancient past.

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Aboriginal defenders
of their country

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were massacred or imprisoned.

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01:09:00,876 --> 01:09:03,268
[wind whistling]

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01:09:03,292 --> 01:09:06,292
[chains rattling]

158
01:09:07,834 --> 01:09:10,975
(Langton)
European powers
declared ownership

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01:09:10,999 --> 01:09:13,643
over other people's lands

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01:09:13,667 --> 01:09:15,643
and enslaved peoples
around the world

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01:09:15,667 --> 01:09:17,393
or destroyed them.

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01:09:17,417 --> 01:09:21,167
Modern Australia is the result
of that history.

163
01:09:22,667 --> 01:09:24,975
(narrator)
Stolen generations of children

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01:09:24,999 --> 01:09:28,975
were given to mission schools
or white families.

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01:09:28,999 --> 01:09:31,226
Until the mid-1960s,

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01:09:31,250 --> 01:09:35,643
Aboriginal people were governed
under wildlife laws.

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01:09:35,667 --> 01:09:38,852
They simply couldn't believe
that these primitives,

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01:09:38,876 --> 01:09:40,435
as they called us,

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01:09:40,459 --> 01:09:42,435
had a religion

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01:09:42,459 --> 01:09:44,894
and that the religion
was based on

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01:09:44,918 --> 01:09:49,167
attachment to places
imbued with ancestral beings.

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01:09:50,709 --> 01:09:52,975
(Dodson)
The Western mind is linked

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01:09:52,999 --> 01:09:54,975
to this private property notion.

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01:09:54,999 --> 01:09:58,975
It's an absolutely
diabolical concept

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01:09:58,999 --> 01:10:00,685
to think that our relationship
to that land

176
01:10:00,709 --> 01:10:03,894
is extinguished
because some Western law says.

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01:10:03,918 --> 01:10:06,268
You know,
it is madness.

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01:10:06,292 --> 01:10:07,975
But our country has done that.

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01:10:07,999 --> 01:10:10,059
(all)
No mining on sacred sites!

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01:10:10,083 --> 01:10:12,226
(narrator)
The land rights movement
in Australia

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01:10:12,250 --> 01:10:15,643
was triggered
by mining on sacred sites.

182
01:10:15,667 --> 01:10:17,643
It began in the 1960s

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01:10:17,667 --> 01:10:19,852
with a petition
demanding respect

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01:10:19,876 --> 01:10:23,250
for Aboriginal law,
painted on tree bark.

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01:10:24,999 --> 01:10:27,143
Lawsuits
and a prolonged occupation

186
01:10:27,167 --> 01:10:29,999
of the capitol at Canberra
followed.

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01:10:33,999 --> 01:10:36,101
In 1976,

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01:10:36,125 --> 01:10:38,852
Australia's Northern Territory
made history

189
01:10:38,876 --> 01:10:40,975
by enacting
the world's first law

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01:10:40,999 --> 01:10:44,185
to protect indigenous rights
to sacred ground.

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01:10:44,209 --> 01:10:46,209
But conflicts persist.

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01:10:52,834 --> 01:10:54,852
The McArthur River
is an important

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01:10:54,876 --> 01:10:57,059
wildlife and conservation area,

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01:10:57,083 --> 01:11:01,435
from the dry country
to the estuary.

195
01:11:01,459 --> 01:11:03,143
In the last decade,

196
01:11:03,167 --> 01:11:04,975
the islands at the mouth
of the river

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01:11:04,999 --> 01:11:08,226
were returned
to Aboriginal clans once again.

198
01:11:08,250 --> 01:11:10,852
The family of Steve Johnston
still lives

199
01:11:10,876 --> 01:11:14,268
on saltwater tucker--
food from the sea.

200
01:11:14,292 --> 01:11:17,083
But mining threatens
the marine habitat.

201
01:11:18,501 --> 01:11:21,935
60 miles upstream,
the McArthur River Mine

202
01:11:21,959 --> 01:11:25,268
extracts zinc from one
of the world's largest deposits

203
01:11:25,292 --> 01:11:27,393
and sells most of it
to China

204
01:11:27,417 --> 01:11:30,685
for rust-proofing steel in
products from cars and bridges

205
01:11:30,709 --> 01:11:33,042
to office towers and warships.

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01:11:36,959 --> 01:11:38,435
For 20 years,

207
01:11:38,459 --> 01:11:41,018
locals have worried about
the environmental impacts

208
01:11:41,042 --> 01:11:42,768
of extracting lead and zinc

209
01:11:42,792 --> 01:11:44,876
in the floodplain
of a tropical river.

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01:11:48,501 --> 01:11:50,894
In 2001,

211
01:11:50,918 --> 01:11:54,685
there was a big flood
in the river.

212
01:11:54,709 --> 01:11:56,393
We had a good wet that year.

213
01:11:56,417 --> 01:11:58,477
And the tailing dams
at the mine site

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01:11:58,501 --> 01:12:01,768
burst their walls
and came down the river.

215
01:12:01,792 --> 01:12:03,226
There were thousands
of dead fish

216
01:12:03,250 --> 01:12:06,768
out in the bay here.

217
01:12:06,792 --> 01:12:09,310
(McLeod)
What do you think's
killing the mangrove?

218
01:12:09,334 --> 01:12:12,292
Well, I think it must be
the poison from the mine.

219
01:12:13,542 --> 01:12:15,351
(narrator)
Two years after the big flood,

220
01:12:15,375 --> 01:12:17,975
global mining giant Xstrata

221
01:12:17,999 --> 01:12:19,975
acquired
the McArthur River Mine,

222
01:12:19,999 --> 01:12:22,975
and a plan was announced
to convert underground tunnels

223
01:12:22,999 --> 01:12:24,935
into an open pit,

224
01:12:24,959 --> 01:12:28,518
a less expensive way
to unearth the minerals.

225
01:12:28,542 --> 01:12:32,351
But the zinc deposit is directly
under the McArthur River.

226
01:12:32,375 --> 01:12:34,018
Xstrata's solution?

227
01:12:34,042 --> 01:12:35,975
Move the river,

228
01:12:35,999 --> 01:12:39,834
an ancient pathway
created by the Rainbow Serpent.

229
01:12:41,417 --> 01:12:43,059
(Roberts)
In the Dreaming,

230
01:12:43,083 --> 01:12:45,310
the Rainbow Serpent
journeyed north,

231
01:12:45,334 --> 01:12:46,976
conjuring big storms

232
01:12:47,000 --> 01:12:49,268
and carving
a broad and winding river

233
01:12:49,292 --> 01:12:50,976
in the raw earth.

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01:12:51,000 --> 01:12:53,059
Sing to the river.

235
01:12:53,083 --> 01:12:54,975
Sing to country.

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01:12:54,999 --> 01:12:56,975
Country will hear you.

237
01:12:56,999 --> 01:12:58,852
But beware.

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01:12:58,876 --> 01:13:02,560
The one who enforces the law
is watching.

239
01:13:02,584 --> 01:13:04,975
The spirit
of the Rainbow Serpent

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01:13:04,999 --> 01:13:08,560
still lives in the water.

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01:13:08,584 --> 01:13:10,518
(McCarthy)
It has been the river of life,

242
01:13:10,542 --> 01:13:13,643
a source of water
and food and enjoyment

243
01:13:13,667 --> 01:13:17,059
for thousands
and thousands of years.

244
01:13:17,083 --> 01:13:19,852
But it's also got
an even more significant role

245
01:13:19,876 --> 01:13:21,101
in Aboriginal culture,

246
01:13:21,125 --> 01:13:23,975
and that is the sense
of spirituality and association

247
01:13:23,999 --> 01:13:25,602
with the river
through thegudjiga

248
01:13:25,626 --> 01:13:27,975
of the Rainbow Serpent,

249
01:13:27,999 --> 01:13:30,894
because it's the Rainbow Serpent
that weaves its way

250
01:13:30,918 --> 01:13:34,894
across the country
and creates the country.

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01:13:34,918 --> 01:13:36,894
It is powerful,

252
01:13:36,918 --> 01:13:39,918
and it needs to be treated
with much respect.

253
01:13:41,918 --> 01:13:43,351
(narrator)
Malarndirri McCarthy

254
01:13:43,375 --> 01:13:45,351
represented
the McArthur River area

255
01:13:45,375 --> 01:13:47,894
in the Northern Territory
Parliament.

256
01:13:47,918 --> 01:13:49,226
With other officials,

257
01:13:49,250 --> 01:13:52,101
she came to Borroloola
to hear local concerns

258
01:13:52,125 --> 01:13:53,894
about the mining plan.

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01:13:53,918 --> 01:13:57,518
That is the tail
of the Rainbow Snake,

260
01:13:57,542 --> 01:13:59,143
and they're gonna cut off
that tail.

261
01:13:59,167 --> 01:14:03,059
Why don't you think
about Aboriginal sites?

262
01:14:03,083 --> 01:14:05,101
That's why we are losing
our culture.

263
01:14:05,125 --> 01:14:07,852
There are no sacred sites
affected by this mine,

264
01:14:07,876 --> 01:14:10,143
and that's the report
we've got,

265
01:14:10,167 --> 01:14:13,018
and we have to--
have to listen to that.

266
01:14:13,042 --> 01:14:15,477
One of the first things we did
when we started off

267
01:14:15,501 --> 01:14:18,310
with the proposal for
the open pit at McArthur River

268
01:14:18,334 --> 01:14:22,685
was to identify all the
cultural sites around the area.

269
01:14:22,709 --> 01:14:25,727
The Gudanji people came up
and went through

270
01:14:25,751 --> 01:14:27,393
the sites of significance,

271
01:14:27,417 --> 01:14:31,018
and we've obtained
the Aboriginal Area

272
01:14:31,042 --> 01:14:32,685
Protection Authority
certificates

273
01:14:32,709 --> 01:14:34,685
for the works
that we want to do.

274
01:14:34,709 --> 01:14:37,143
And there's
no sacred sites affected

275
01:14:37,167 --> 01:14:39,459
as far as they're concerned.

276
01:14:40,999 --> 01:14:43,852
I think the mine can be
the economic generator

277
01:14:43,876 --> 01:14:45,018
of the region.

278
01:14:45,042 --> 01:14:48,310
We've never had anything
like that before.

279
01:14:48,334 --> 01:14:50,935
Mining is one
of those industries

280
01:14:50,959 --> 01:14:52,894
that can link in with

281
01:14:52,918 --> 01:14:56,143
a rural tradition like ours.

282
01:14:56,167 --> 01:15:00,975
At the moment, it's television,
grog, drugs

283
01:15:00,999 --> 01:15:04,768
that is capturing
a lot of our people.

284
01:15:04,792 --> 01:15:07,975
The mine can give
the Aboriginal people here

285
01:15:07,999 --> 01:15:11,810
a "normal" life
as is possible out here.

286
01:15:11,834 --> 01:15:15,310
(narrator)
For the first 15 years
of operation,

287
01:15:15,334 --> 01:15:17,727
the mine paid no royalties

288
01:15:17,751 --> 01:15:20,975
and received millions
in government subsidies.

289
01:15:20,999 --> 01:15:23,435
Most employees were flown in.

290
01:15:23,459 --> 01:15:26,602
Recently, Xstrata has hired
some local workers

291
01:15:26,626 --> 01:15:30,351
and has started contributing
to a community fund.

292
01:15:30,375 --> 01:15:32,768
Contaminants released
by earlier floods

293
01:15:32,792 --> 01:15:33,975
weren't documented

294
01:15:33,999 --> 01:15:35,975
by the mine
or the government,

295
01:15:35,999 --> 01:15:38,727
but independent monitoring
of water quality

296
01:15:38,751 --> 01:15:41,185
is now required.

297
01:15:41,209 --> 01:15:43,643
(Moriarty)
I was born
across the river there.

298
01:15:43,667 --> 01:15:48,477
So we have a stake in what
comes downstream from the mine.

299
01:15:48,501 --> 01:15:52,477
And it's been stated
that the water is poisoned here,

300
01:15:52,501 --> 01:15:54,685
and that's totally wrong.

301
01:15:54,709 --> 01:15:56,143
They say we can't eat
the mussels.

302
01:15:56,167 --> 01:15:58,975
We can't eat the oysters.

303
01:15:58,999 --> 01:16:01,018
So that's coming from doctors.

304
01:16:01,042 --> 01:16:04,059
They reckon there's
too much heavy metals in 'em.

305
01:16:04,083 --> 01:16:05,935
- All right?
- Yeah.

306
01:16:05,959 --> 01:16:07,059
(narrator)
Human health

307
01:16:07,083 --> 01:16:09,975
depends on the health
of the land and water.

308
01:16:09,999 --> 01:16:11,975
But Aboriginal culture

309
01:16:11,999 --> 01:16:14,852
also depends
on respect for the land

310
01:16:14,876 --> 01:16:17,685
as the dwelling place
of the sacred.

311
01:16:17,709 --> 01:16:20,975
And now this line here
is the Rainbow Serpent

312
01:16:20,999 --> 01:16:23,727
coming down
the McArthur River.

313
01:16:23,751 --> 01:16:26,518
There is Dreaming tracks
right up to the headwaters

314
01:16:26,542 --> 01:16:29,268
of the McArthur River,

315
01:16:29,292 --> 01:16:32,918
all the way from Borroloola
up to McArthur Mine itself.

316
01:16:34,999 --> 01:16:37,268
(Langton)
Aboriginal people who follow
the old traditions

317
01:16:37,292 --> 01:16:40,435
believe that the most
important sites are the places

318
01:16:40,459 --> 01:16:44,852
where the ancestral beings
remain in their place.

319
01:16:44,876 --> 01:16:47,975
That's where they live,
and they live there forever.

320
01:16:47,999 --> 01:16:50,250
[children shouting and laughing]

321
01:16:53,125 --> 01:16:56,477
(Langton)
There's always a set of rules

322
01:16:56,501 --> 01:17:00,975
about how one approaches
Rainbow Serpent places.

323
01:17:00,999 --> 01:17:02,059
So for instance,

324
01:17:02,083 --> 01:17:04,999
one must go with
the senior traditional owner.

325
01:17:06,459 --> 01:17:07,975
A sacred site
will heal the sick.

326
01:17:07,999 --> 01:17:10,852
(narrator)
Senior traditional owner
Harry Lansen

327
01:17:10,876 --> 01:17:13,167
was not one of Xstrata's
paid consultants.

328
01:17:20,918 --> 01:17:24,810
(Rory)
They knew he was
the right person to see,

329
01:17:24,834 --> 01:17:26,185
but they was working
around him,

330
01:17:26,209 --> 01:17:28,976
working around him
every time.

331
01:17:29,000 --> 01:17:32,101
[both singing
in native language]

332
01:17:32,125 --> 01:17:34,935
(Rory)
They got no right
to tell us what to do.

333
01:17:34,959 --> 01:17:39,268
It's our country.
It's our land right here now.

334
01:17:39,292 --> 01:17:45,643
[people singing
in native language]

335
01:17:45,667 --> 01:17:48,667
[children shouting]

336
01:17:52,709 --> 01:17:54,727
(narrator)
When Gudanji families
tried to visit

337
01:17:54,751 --> 01:17:57,810
their sacred sites
near the McArthur River Mine,

338
01:17:57,834 --> 01:17:59,810
they were blocked
by company personnel

339
01:17:59,834 --> 01:18:01,975
and their Aboriginal consultants

340
01:18:01,999 --> 01:18:04,417
and threatened with arrest
for trespassing.

341
01:18:08,375 --> 01:18:10,375
Don't sell us to the mine.

342
01:18:14,999 --> 01:18:16,643
(Green)
We couldn't get back
in there today.

343
01:18:16,667 --> 01:18:18,268
That really hurt.

344
01:18:18,292 --> 01:18:20,999
They came in with two vehicles
to stop us and the chopper.

345
01:18:23,209 --> 01:18:24,810
(narrator)
Xstrata's request

346
01:18:24,834 --> 01:18:27,351
to move the McArthur River
was denied,

347
01:18:27,375 --> 01:18:29,935
but mining company bulldozers
broke ground

348
01:18:29,959 --> 01:18:31,975
on the river diversion anyway.

349
01:18:31,999 --> 01:18:34,685
So Aboriginal custodians sued,

350
01:18:34,709 --> 01:18:37,518
and the court ruled
in their favor.

351
01:18:37,542 --> 01:18:39,018
It was a win
for the Aboriginal people

352
01:18:39,042 --> 01:18:40,435
in the Gulf Region.

353
01:18:40,459 --> 01:18:43,852
And on that day when the judge
made the announcement,

354
01:18:43,876 --> 01:18:46,518
all work on the expansion plan
had to stop

355
01:18:46,542 --> 01:18:48,185
because it was illegal.

356
01:18:48,209 --> 01:18:50,351
They were beaten in the court,

357
01:18:50,375 --> 01:18:54,185
but then they just turned around
and legislated the day after

358
01:18:54,209 --> 01:18:56,975
and made new rules.

359
01:18:56,999 --> 01:19:00,101
Today government
has decided to legislate

360
01:19:00,125 --> 01:19:02,018
to ensure
the continued operation

361
01:19:02,042 --> 01:19:04,602
of the open cut section
of the McArthur River Mine.

362
01:19:04,626 --> 01:19:06,852
There's hundreds of jobs there.

363
01:19:06,876 --> 01:19:08,975
And Cabinet made a decision
based on a lot of facts

364
01:19:08,999 --> 01:19:10,018
that we had before us,

365
01:19:10,042 --> 01:19:13,226
and this is the most efficient
way to move.

366
01:19:13,250 --> 01:19:15,226
(Roche)
What are you gonna say
to the traditional owners

367
01:19:15,250 --> 01:19:16,894
about their river?

368
01:19:16,918 --> 01:19:19,999
When are you going to tell
the traditional owners, Claire?

369
01:19:21,375 --> 01:19:23,975
We're all together.
We must fight this thing.

370
01:19:23,999 --> 01:19:25,059
This ground here, look,

371
01:19:25,083 --> 01:19:27,894
Gudanji and Mambalya
country.

372
01:19:27,918 --> 01:19:29,975
Over here,
they've been damaging country.

373
01:19:29,999 --> 01:19:30,976
[speaks indistinctly]

374
01:19:31,000 --> 01:19:32,643
They're frightened to show us.

375
01:19:32,667 --> 01:19:36,000
We will start as one,
and we'll finish as one.

376
01:19:42,918 --> 01:19:44,185
(narrator)
With bulldozers at work

377
01:19:44,209 --> 01:19:46,435
rechanneling the sacred river,

378
01:19:46,459 --> 01:19:50,435
a delegation of elders
traveled 17 hours to Darwin

379
01:19:50,459 --> 01:19:53,999
to protest government collusion
with industry.

380
01:19:55,999 --> 01:19:58,268
They crushed our sacred site.

381
01:19:58,292 --> 01:20:00,059
They never listen
to Aboriginal people--

382
01:20:00,083 --> 01:20:03,268
elders, senior elders.

383
01:20:03,292 --> 01:20:05,894
You know,
they've been stomped on.

384
01:20:05,918 --> 01:20:07,351
So it's time for them
to stand up and say,

385
01:20:07,375 --> 01:20:09,417
"Hey, you're not
doing this to me anymore."

386
01:20:21,918 --> 01:20:24,975
Our people had taken
a government and a company

387
01:20:24,999 --> 01:20:26,975
to court and had won

388
01:20:26,999 --> 01:20:30,975
and felt vindicated
by the win

389
01:20:30,999 --> 01:20:33,560
and then felt
absolutely demoralized

390
01:20:33,584 --> 01:20:36,167
when goalposts
were being moved again.

391
01:20:37,375 --> 01:20:46,101
[women singing
in native language]

392
01:20:46,125 --> 01:20:49,310
(Rory)
We're up here to say no
to the people

393
01:20:49,334 --> 01:20:53,727
that are trying to destroy
our way of life

394
01:20:53,751 --> 01:20:54,975
by cutting up the river,

395
01:20:54,999 --> 01:20:58,393
diverting it,
digging the holes.

396
01:20:58,417 --> 01:21:01,083
And they don't realize
what they're doing to us.

397
01:21:18,751 --> 01:21:21,268
It's the river
that keeps us going.

398
01:21:21,292 --> 01:21:22,602
Keep fighting.

399
01:21:22,626 --> 01:21:25,602
[women singing
in native language]

400
01:21:25,626 --> 01:21:33,626
♪ ♪

401
01:21:34,999 --> 01:21:38,518
Madam Speaker, mining is alive
and well in the Territory,

402
01:21:38,542 --> 01:21:40,975
and I reassure Territorians,

403
01:21:40,999 --> 01:21:44,459
so is our commitment as
a Territory to our environment.

404
01:21:46,542 --> 01:21:48,602
(Langton)
If you cut the McArthur River,

405
01:21:48,626 --> 01:21:51,518
you are cutting
the Rainbow Serpent,

406
01:21:51,542 --> 01:21:55,975
and there is a great sense
of fear that comes from that.

407
01:21:55,999 --> 01:21:58,975
It is a relationship
with the river

408
01:21:58,999 --> 01:22:01,976
that indigenous people
want so much

409
01:22:02,000 --> 01:22:06,685
for non-Aboriginal people
to understand and respect

410
01:22:06,709 --> 01:22:09,268
and that no amount of money

411
01:22:09,292 --> 01:22:12,477
can take the place
of something

412
01:22:12,501 --> 01:22:15,975
that has been
within the family

413
01:22:15,999 --> 01:22:18,000
for thousands and thousands
of years.

414
01:22:21,042 --> 01:22:24,935
(narrator)
The McArthur River
now runs in a diversion channel.

415
01:22:24,959 --> 01:22:27,351
Xstrata plans to expand again,

416
01:22:27,375 --> 01:22:31,143
this time doubling the size
of the mine.

417
01:22:31,167 --> 01:22:33,310
(Dodson)
We have to live
in a framework,

418
01:22:33,334 --> 01:22:37,975
constantly
trying to defend land

419
01:22:37,999 --> 01:22:39,976
and sacred places

420
01:22:40,000 --> 01:22:44,185
that governments
and developers

421
01:22:44,209 --> 01:22:45,894
want to extinguish.

422
01:22:45,918 --> 01:22:48,018
And so when we come
to the country,

423
01:22:48,042 --> 01:22:50,685
it's important for us
to wake it up

424
01:22:50,709 --> 01:22:53,975
and remind it
that we haven't neglected it.

425
01:22:53,999 --> 01:22:57,975
We haven't forgotten
that we are still part of that,

426
01:22:57,999 --> 01:23:01,975
and we need the country
to look after us.

427
01:23:01,999 --> 01:23:05,975
[light tapping]

428
01:23:05,999 --> 01:23:08,975
[singing in native language]

429
01:23:08,999 --> 01:23:16,999
♪ ♪

430
01:23:23,584 --> 01:23:26,975
(narrator)
Called by the sound
of the didgeridoo, oryidaki,

431
01:23:26,999 --> 01:23:29,602
clans unite
at the Garma Festival,

432
01:23:29,626 --> 01:23:31,810
an annual celebration
at the site

433
01:23:31,834 --> 01:23:35,334
where the ancient instrument
was first brought into being.

434
01:23:37,375 --> 01:23:40,101
The festival inspires
cultural dialogue

435
01:23:40,125 --> 01:23:44,810
and brings economic benefits
from ecotourism.

436
01:23:44,834 --> 01:23:51,975
[traditional Aboriginal music
playing]

437
01:23:51,999 --> 01:23:55,975
(Yunupingu)
This is the last frontier
of Aboriginal people

438
01:23:55,999 --> 01:23:59,185
still hanging on to the culture
and lore and languages

439
01:23:59,209 --> 01:24:02,101
and sacred sites.

440
01:24:02,125 --> 01:24:04,101
We are people of the land.

441
01:24:04,125 --> 01:24:05,351
We love our land.

442
01:24:05,375 --> 01:24:09,101
We sit down,
and we don't play politics.

443
01:24:09,125 --> 01:24:11,643
Our law is here...

444
01:24:11,667 --> 01:24:14,560
to stay.

445
01:24:14,584 --> 01:24:17,975
(narrator)
Galarrwuy Yunupingu
has defended sacred sites

446
01:24:17,999 --> 01:24:20,185
from mining for 50 years,

447
01:24:20,209 --> 01:24:23,975
since he helped his father
write the first bark petition.

448
01:24:23,999 --> 01:24:26,975
His clan territory
on the Gove Peninsula

449
01:24:26,999 --> 01:24:29,768
is the birthplace
of the land rights movement

450
01:24:29,792 --> 01:24:32,584
and is now
an Indigenous Protected Area.

451
01:24:34,751 --> 01:24:37,351
Under the dance ground
lies bauxite,

452
01:24:37,375 --> 01:24:39,685
coveted by the mining industry.

453
01:24:39,709 --> 01:24:42,185
[all chanting]

454
01:24:42,209 --> 01:24:45,999
When white men sees the land,
they also see a dollar sign.

455
01:24:47,959 --> 01:24:51,643
I will never give away my land
for dollars.

456
01:24:51,667 --> 01:24:53,643
That's my practice,
to be able

457
01:24:53,667 --> 01:24:58,268
to pass it on
to my little ones

458
01:24:58,292 --> 01:25:02,975
so that the song cycle
must continue.

459
01:25:02,999 --> 01:25:04,435
Whether it is in a dance,

460
01:25:04,459 --> 01:25:05,852
whether it is in a song,

461
01:25:05,876 --> 01:25:08,560
it's all related back
to the things you find

462
01:25:08,584 --> 01:25:10,792
on and in the land.

463
01:25:26,999 --> 01:25:29,768
(Mackey)
One of the great sorrows,
if you like, of modern life

464
01:25:29,792 --> 01:25:31,975
is the extent to which
modern urban humans

465
01:25:31,999 --> 01:25:34,959
are so dissociated
from the natural world.

466
01:25:36,792 --> 01:25:38,685
So when I talk
to Aboriginal people about

467
01:25:38,709 --> 01:25:40,143
their relationship to an animal,

468
01:25:40,167 --> 01:25:42,810
they can, in the same sentence,
talk about

469
01:25:42,834 --> 01:25:44,768
how tasty it is to eat...

470
01:25:44,792 --> 01:25:46,976
It's really good
for your body.

471
01:25:47,000 --> 01:25:50,185
(Mackey)
And the responsibilities
they have to it.

472
01:25:50,209 --> 01:25:52,185
And I think this is where
we have to get

473
01:25:52,209 --> 01:25:54,975
if we want to have
a rich natural world, you know,

474
01:25:54,999 --> 01:25:58,518
to leave to future generations.

475
01:25:58,542 --> 01:26:01,185
(Dodson)
And I think if we can get
the Western people to understand

476
01:26:01,209 --> 01:26:04,393
that they're born
inside this world

477
01:26:04,417 --> 01:26:06,059
and not as astronauts
that have landed

478
01:26:06,083 --> 01:26:07,810
from some other alien place,

479
01:26:07,834 --> 01:26:10,975
then I think there'll be
a lot more harmony

480
01:26:10,999 --> 01:26:13,501
in how we look after
the globe.

481
01:26:15,999 --> 01:26:18,975
(Kumar)
This was Mahatma Gandhi's idea.

482
01:26:18,999 --> 01:26:20,976
We belong to the land.

483
01:26:21,000 --> 01:26:23,226
We are not the owners
of the land.

484
01:26:23,250 --> 01:26:26,975
We are the friends of the land,

485
01:26:26,999 --> 01:26:30,435
like friends of the earth.

486
01:26:30,459 --> 01:26:34,101
(LaDuke)
In this recovery
of our humanity

487
01:26:34,125 --> 01:26:37,226
as indigenous peoples,
where we rid ourselves

488
01:26:37,250 --> 01:26:41,226
of the cloaks of Christianity

489
01:26:41,250 --> 01:26:43,310
or the cloaks of consumerism

490
01:26:43,334 --> 01:26:47,393
and remember who we were
supposed to be,

491
01:26:47,417 --> 01:26:50,834
it is important to be reverent.

492
01:26:59,959 --> 01:27:02,351
(Lopez)
When you have a sacred place,

493
01:27:02,375 --> 01:27:04,975
it's not exactly
like a church,

494
01:27:04,999 --> 01:27:07,560
and it's not like
a national park.

495
01:27:07,584 --> 01:27:10,185
It's a place that raises

496
01:27:10,209 --> 01:27:12,975
the level of awareness

497
01:27:12,999 --> 01:27:16,810
about the mystery and power
and possibility and joy

498
01:27:16,834 --> 01:27:18,975
that is present in life.

499
01:27:18,999 --> 01:27:20,768
You know who you are

500
01:27:20,792 --> 01:27:23,792
because you are in contact
with this place.

501
01:27:26,334 --> 01:27:30,351
So if there is something
that we have to relearn,

502
01:27:30,375 --> 01:27:33,643
it's the idea of sharing

503
01:27:33,667 --> 01:27:36,351
and being responsible.

504
01:27:36,375 --> 01:27:39,268
And to learn,
you have to have teachers.

505
01:27:39,292 --> 01:27:40,477
And who is your teacher?

506
01:27:40,501 --> 01:27:41,999
And the teacher is...

507
01:27:43,626 --> 01:27:44,751
nature.

508
01:27:49,959 --> 01:27:54,310
(McGregor)
Hawaiians honored
the life forces of nature

509
01:27:54,334 --> 01:27:56,876
in these various energy forms
as deities.

510
01:27:58,292 --> 01:28:02,143
Christianity had severed
that relationship

511
01:28:02,167 --> 01:28:04,268
of our soul to the land,

512
01:28:04,292 --> 01:28:05,975
which is really the heart

513
01:28:05,999 --> 01:28:09,375
of our culture
here in Hawaii.

514
01:28:16,834 --> 01:28:19,999
(Aluli)
Most of us grow up
loving the land.

515
01:28:21,999 --> 01:28:25,685
We hunt, and we fish,
and we gather.

516
01:28:25,709 --> 01:28:29,976
Different places where we know
that the ancestors are from,

517
01:28:30,000 --> 01:28:31,435
you know, we worship.

518
01:28:31,459 --> 01:28:35,810
It's all part of being Hawaiian.

519
01:28:35,834 --> 01:28:38,417
Take care of land;
land takes care of you.

520
01:28:41,501 --> 01:28:42,976
(narrator)
Guided by stars,

521
01:28:43,000 --> 01:28:45,643
early Hawaiians sailed
double-hulled canoes

522
01:28:45,667 --> 01:28:47,185
across the Pacific,

523
01:28:47,209 --> 01:28:50,518
headed for the smallest
of eight Hawaiian islands.

524
01:28:50,542 --> 01:28:52,059
Kanaloa Kaho'olawe,

525
01:28:52,083 --> 01:28:54,894
in the center
of the island chain,

526
01:28:54,918 --> 01:28:56,852
was a place to teach navigation.

527
01:28:56,876 --> 01:29:00,477
Off-limits for 50 years
of weapons testing,

528
01:29:00,501 --> 01:29:04,810
Kaho'olawe has once again become
a place of learning

529
01:29:04,834 --> 01:29:08,727
and a refuge, considered sacred
from its highest peaks

530
01:29:08,751 --> 01:29:11,999
to the depths of the ocean
around it.

531
01:29:14,584 --> 01:29:17,351
(Kulolo'io)
I'm always asking myself
the question,

532
01:29:17,375 --> 01:29:21,999
is Kaho'olawe
really a sacred place?

533
01:29:23,918 --> 01:29:27,477
It's been always on my mind.

534
01:29:27,501 --> 01:29:28,975
What is sacred?

535
01:29:28,999 --> 01:29:33,125
How does sacred fit
into an island?

536
01:29:34,999 --> 01:29:38,101
For a lot of Hawaiians,
if you come here,

537
01:29:38,125 --> 01:29:40,059
you get some direction.

538
01:29:40,083 --> 01:29:42,976
But it also helps you
to navigate

539
01:29:43,000 --> 01:29:45,602
not only on the ocean

540
01:29:45,626 --> 01:29:48,852
but in your life.

541
01:29:48,876 --> 01:29:52,975
(Aluli)
Kanaloa is the ancient name

542
01:29:52,999 --> 01:29:55,975
of the island.

543
01:29:55,999 --> 01:29:58,435
It's one of the four major
Polynesian gods.

544
01:29:58,459 --> 01:30:02,268
It's the god of the ocean
and everything in the ocean.

545
01:30:02,292 --> 01:30:05,292
You know, this is his realm.

546
01:30:07,375 --> 01:30:09,976
(McGregor)
Kaho'olawe gave us
this spiritual connection

547
01:30:10,000 --> 01:30:13,018
to our ancestors

548
01:30:13,042 --> 01:30:15,852
and to our spiritual beliefs,

549
01:30:15,876 --> 01:30:18,334
and we were able
to call back our gods.

550
01:30:20,584 --> 01:30:23,584
[conch blaring]

551
01:30:29,959 --> 01:30:32,435
(narrator)
When Christianity
came to Hawaii,

552
01:30:32,459 --> 01:30:34,894
a new god was welcomed
into the pantheon

553
01:30:34,918 --> 01:30:36,685
worshipped by Hawaiians.

554
01:30:36,709 --> 01:30:39,975
But missionaries said
the old gods must die,

555
01:30:39,999 --> 01:30:41,975
and merchants replaced
communal sharing

556
01:30:41,999 --> 01:30:44,018
with a profit system.

557
01:30:44,042 --> 01:30:47,435
Native Hawaiians, who had been
rich in land and culture,

558
01:30:47,459 --> 01:30:51,101
became the poorest people
in the islands.

559
01:30:51,125 --> 01:30:54,894
In 1893, businessmen
overthrew the government

560
01:30:54,918 --> 01:30:56,477
and imprisoned the queen

561
01:30:56,501 --> 01:30:59,101
with the help
of the U.S. military.

562
01:30:59,125 --> 01:31:03,018
Hawaiian lands were seized,
and the language was banned.

563
01:31:03,042 --> 01:31:06,727
American naval power found
a permanent home in the Pacific

564
01:31:06,751 --> 01:31:11,393
and eventually set sights
on the island of Kaho'olawe.

565
01:31:11,417 --> 01:31:14,643
The character of that island
is still alive.

566
01:31:14,667 --> 01:31:17,626
And yet this island's
being bombarded.

567
01:31:20,667 --> 01:31:23,975
[plane engine droning]

568
01:31:23,999 --> 01:31:28,226
[explosions]

569
01:31:28,250 --> 01:31:32,810
We all experienced
the loud noises and vibrations

570
01:31:32,834 --> 01:31:35,602
of the bombs.

571
01:31:35,626 --> 01:31:39,810
We could see the dust
coming up every so often

572
01:31:39,834 --> 01:31:41,602
during the military exercises.

573
01:31:41,626 --> 01:31:44,626
[explosion]

574
01:31:57,334 --> 01:31:58,768
Wiped off.

575
01:31:58,792 --> 01:32:01,975
Wipeout.

576
01:32:01,999 --> 01:32:04,042
A disregard for nature.

577
01:32:05,459 --> 01:32:08,852
The day after
Japan bombed Pearl Harbor

578
01:32:08,876 --> 01:32:10,975
and the United States
declared war,

579
01:32:10,999 --> 01:32:13,976
it also declared martial law
over all of Hawaii.

580
01:32:14,000 --> 01:32:16,975
(Naho'opi'i)
And the island of Kaho'olawe
was taken over

581
01:32:16,999 --> 01:32:18,310
under military law.

582
01:32:18,334 --> 01:32:20,975
It was a weapons test range.

583
01:32:20,999 --> 01:32:23,810
Every major amphibious battle
in the Pacific

584
01:32:23,834 --> 01:32:25,976
was first practiced
on Kaho'olawe.

585
01:32:26,000 --> 01:32:28,602
And all of this was--
the people of Hawaii supported

586
01:32:28,626 --> 01:32:32,667
because we were so fearful
of Japan invading Hawaii.

587
01:32:34,292 --> 01:32:36,059
(Naho'opi'i)
"This island is off-limits,

588
01:32:36,083 --> 01:32:37,768
so you can't go there."

589
01:32:37,792 --> 01:32:39,975
People accepted that,
for a long period of time.

590
01:32:39,999 --> 01:32:43,643
It wasn't until that era
of the late '60s, early '70s

591
01:32:43,667 --> 01:32:45,226
that people
started questioning,

592
01:32:45,250 --> 01:32:47,143
"Why can't I go there?"

593
01:32:47,167 --> 01:32:49,351
You know,
my ancestors used to go there.

594
01:32:49,375 --> 01:32:51,976
How come
I can't go there today?

595
01:32:52,000 --> 01:32:55,351
(Aluli)
It was the era of the protests

596
01:32:55,375 --> 01:32:57,810
against the war in Vietnam.

597
01:32:57,834 --> 01:33:02,351
It was the era of Wounded Knee,
Alcatraz.

598
01:33:02,375 --> 01:33:05,894
It was the era
of a lot of unrest.

599
01:33:05,918 --> 01:33:08,685
(McGregor)
Hawaiians were not all
happy natives, playing music,

600
01:33:08,709 --> 01:33:10,976
dancing the hula,
being beach boys,

601
01:33:11,000 --> 01:33:12,976
and it was time
that we begin to do something

602
01:33:13,000 --> 01:33:16,626
to challenge U.S. control
over Hawaii.

603
01:33:18,834 --> 01:33:22,727
[gentle acoustic melody]

604
01:33:22,751 --> 01:33:30,310
[men singingPua Mamane]

605
01:33:30,334 --> 01:33:33,727
(McGregor)
The real spiritual and
inspirational leader at the time

606
01:33:33,751 --> 01:33:35,143
was George Helm.

607
01:33:35,167 --> 01:33:39,975
He had the vision
of Kaho'olawe becoming a place

608
01:33:39,999 --> 01:33:43,417
to get back to our roots
as Hawaiians.

609
01:33:44,999 --> 01:33:48,810
The culture exists
only if the life of the land

610
01:33:48,834 --> 01:33:51,143
is perpetuated in righteousness.

611
01:33:51,167 --> 01:33:54,143
(narrator)
George Helm
and the new activist group

612
01:33:54,167 --> 01:33:57,643
Protect Kaho'olawe 'Ohana,
or "family,"

613
01:33:57,667 --> 01:34:01,185
launched a grassroots campaign
to stop the bombing.

614
01:34:01,209 --> 01:34:04,101
This organization is to see
that Kaho'olawe is protected.

615
01:34:04,125 --> 01:34:06,810
We got to go fight
the military,

616
01:34:06,834 --> 01:34:11,226
the politicians,
different ways of thinking.

617
01:34:11,250 --> 01:34:13,935
(Aluli)
It was taking on
the power structure,

618
01:34:13,959 --> 01:34:16,976
the largest naval force
in the world,

619
01:34:17,000 --> 01:34:20,351
and the only thing that we knew
to end the bombing

620
01:34:20,375 --> 01:34:22,143
was to occupy the island.

621
01:34:22,167 --> 01:34:24,185
(McGregor)
People showed up
from all the islands,

622
01:34:24,209 --> 01:34:26,768
got on boats to occupy it

623
01:34:26,792 --> 01:34:29,435
to demand justice
for native Hawaiians.

624
01:34:29,459 --> 01:34:33,018
(Aluli)
And Coast Guard was there
to intercept and confiscate

625
01:34:33,042 --> 01:34:35,768
whatever boats were to land.

626
01:34:35,792 --> 01:34:37,975
So all the boats
turned around at that point,

627
01:34:37,999 --> 01:34:41,518
except one boat
made it through.

628
01:34:41,542 --> 01:34:43,268
Those who landed were arrested,

629
01:34:43,292 --> 01:34:46,727
except for Walter Ritte
and Emmett Aluli,

630
01:34:46,751 --> 01:34:50,310
who managed to go
into the backlands

631
01:34:50,334 --> 01:34:52,542
and begin to explore the island.

632
01:34:53,999 --> 01:34:57,226
(Aluli)
As you walked up to the summit,

633
01:34:57,250 --> 01:35:01,975
you saw more and more
dumping of ordnance.

634
01:35:01,999 --> 01:35:04,059
Whether they exploded or not,

635
01:35:04,083 --> 01:35:05,768
they were all over the place.

636
01:35:05,792 --> 01:35:08,143
I mean,
it was just an ugly scene.

637
01:35:08,167 --> 01:35:12,584
But yet there was beauty
in the land.

638
01:35:15,209 --> 01:35:19,125
Kaho'olawe was talking to us...

639
01:35:21,375 --> 01:35:24,999
the voices we'd now call
the voices of Kanaloa.

640
01:35:27,125 --> 01:35:30,894
And so Walter and Emmett
were there on the island

641
01:35:30,918 --> 01:35:32,894
for two nights
before they were picked up

642
01:35:32,918 --> 01:35:34,727
by the military
and arrested.

643
01:35:34,751 --> 01:35:37,268
(Aluli)
And we worried.

644
01:35:37,292 --> 01:35:38,810
I mean, I worried.

645
01:35:38,834 --> 01:35:40,602
For me personally,
if it was a felony,

646
01:35:40,626 --> 01:35:43,975
I would not be able
to practice medicine.

647
01:35:43,999 --> 01:35:45,975
(narrator)
Emmett Aluli and George Helm

648
01:35:45,999 --> 01:35:48,393
fought back
by suing the U.S. Navy

649
01:35:48,417 --> 01:35:51,768
for violating
environmental laws.

650
01:35:51,792 --> 01:35:55,435
This is the seed today
of a new revolution.

651
01:35:55,459 --> 01:35:57,975
The kind of revolution
we're talking about

652
01:35:57,999 --> 01:36:02,685
is one of consciousness,
awareness, facts, figures.

653
01:36:02,709 --> 01:36:05,518
(Aluli)
I mean, this is
all occurring intensely

654
01:36:05,542 --> 01:36:07,393
and gets more intense when

655
01:36:07,417 --> 01:36:10,975
George Helm and Kimo Mitchell
disappear.

656
01:36:10,999 --> 01:36:14,226
(McGregor)
They went to Kaho'olawe,

657
01:36:14,250 --> 01:36:17,852
and there was a big storm,

658
01:36:17,876 --> 01:36:21,351
gale-force winds
and huge swells.

659
01:36:21,375 --> 01:36:24,226
(Aluli)
The story is that
George and Kimo disappeared

660
01:36:24,250 --> 01:36:28,975
on a broken surfboard
trying to leave Kaho'olawe.

661
01:36:28,999 --> 01:36:30,643
People didn't really
honestly believe

662
01:36:30,667 --> 01:36:31,975
that they would have done that.

663
01:36:31,999 --> 01:36:33,727
[thunder crashing]

664
01:36:33,751 --> 01:36:35,560
(Aluli)
Did they drown?

665
01:36:35,584 --> 01:36:37,768
Did the sharks take them?

666
01:36:37,792 --> 01:36:40,518
(McGregor)
There's other thoughts--
that it was in the interests

667
01:36:40,542 --> 01:36:42,975
of many powers
to do away with George

668
01:36:42,999 --> 01:36:45,375
and that they found
the opportune moment.

669
01:36:48,584 --> 01:36:51,976
(Aluli)
Their bones, their bodies,
their clothes were never found.

670
01:36:52,000 --> 01:36:53,727
We still don't know why,

671
01:36:53,751 --> 01:36:57,935
but it's a feeling from within

672
01:36:57,959 --> 01:37:01,935
that they were assassinated,

673
01:37:01,959 --> 01:37:03,975
because it was

674
01:37:03,999 --> 01:37:08,727
the most powerful movement

675
01:37:08,751 --> 01:37:11,417
that Hawaii has ever seen
in 100 years.

676
01:37:14,709 --> 01:37:17,975
(Neff)
I look at George and Kimo
and all of thekupuna

677
01:37:17,999 --> 01:37:20,685
who have given so much
for this island

678
01:37:20,709 --> 01:37:25,268
and have passed on
as guides for us now.

679
01:37:25,292 --> 01:37:27,810
They have laid the path down.

680
01:37:27,834 --> 01:37:29,918
They have laid their life down.

681
01:37:33,999 --> 01:37:37,393
A certain time,
we needed a fighter.

682
01:37:37,417 --> 01:37:40,999
Now we need healers.

683
01:37:56,501 --> 01:37:58,727
(narrator)
The Protect Kaho'olawe 'Ohana

684
01:37:58,751 --> 01:38:02,975
was granted regular access
to the island in 1980,

685
01:38:02,999 --> 01:38:05,018
though it took
another decade of lawsuits

686
01:38:05,042 --> 01:38:08,018
before a presidential order
and congressional action

687
01:38:08,042 --> 01:38:09,976
ended the bombing.

688
01:38:10,000 --> 01:38:11,518
Over three decades,

689
01:38:11,542 --> 01:38:13,852
thousands of volunteers
have come ashore

690
01:38:13,876 --> 01:38:16,518
with the native
Hawaiian activists.

691
01:38:16,542 --> 01:38:18,975
We need to remind everybody
that we have akuleana,

692
01:38:18,999 --> 01:38:21,518
a responsibility, to come back
and heal the island.

693
01:38:21,542 --> 01:38:22,727
And that's what we do

694
01:38:22,751 --> 01:38:25,059
through restoration,
through planting,

695
01:38:25,083 --> 01:38:29,059
through making sure that
the sacred sites are protected,

696
01:38:29,083 --> 01:38:30,268
just coming here,

697
01:38:30,292 --> 01:38:34,351
giving our blood, sweat,
and tears to the island.

698
01:38:34,375 --> 01:38:37,310
(Pastrana)
It's the least we can do
to basically continue on

699
01:38:37,334 --> 01:38:40,894
the legacy of our family
and friends who, you know,

700
01:38:40,918 --> 01:38:42,393
back then in the '70s,
you know,

701
01:38:42,417 --> 01:38:46,143
risked so much of their time
and, you know,

702
01:38:46,167 --> 01:38:47,959
for some,
even their lives.

703
01:38:52,999 --> 01:38:55,310
(Kanoa-Wong)
There's thousands
of other Hawaiians out there

704
01:38:55,334 --> 01:38:57,810
that we want
to remind them that,

705
01:38:57,834 --> 01:38:59,810
hey, we are a proud nation.

706
01:38:59,834 --> 01:39:03,059
We are a proud people.

707
01:39:03,083 --> 01:39:04,643
We're not the lazy ones.

708
01:39:04,667 --> 01:39:05,975
We're not the ones
that should be

709
01:39:05,999 --> 01:39:07,643
the highest rate in prisons.

710
01:39:07,667 --> 01:39:08,975
We're not the ones
that should be

711
01:39:08,999 --> 01:39:10,435
the highest rate
of teen pregnancy.

712
01:39:10,459 --> 01:39:13,310
You know, we're in all
of those bad categories now,

713
01:39:13,334 --> 01:39:14,810
and we got to move out of that.

714
01:39:14,834 --> 01:39:15,976
And part of that is,

715
01:39:16,000 --> 01:39:18,226
you have to understand
where we come from.

716
01:39:18,250 --> 01:39:19,894
Who are our ancestors?

717
01:39:19,918 --> 01:39:22,393
[people chanting
in native language]

718
01:39:22,417 --> 01:39:25,976
(Kylee Mar)
We purposely bring groups
from different generations,

719
01:39:26,000 --> 01:39:28,975
from different vocations,

720
01:39:28,999 --> 01:39:33,101
to live as a family,
as an'ohana.

721
01:39:33,125 --> 01:39:34,101
Life is coming.

722
01:39:34,125 --> 01:39:35,975
This island was never dead.

723
01:39:35,999 --> 01:39:36,975
It was abused.

724
01:39:36,999 --> 01:39:37,976
It was misused.

725
01:39:38,000 --> 01:39:41,000
[people shouting
in native language]

726
01:39:44,751 --> 01:39:47,751
[conch blaring]

727
01:39:54,709 --> 01:40:02,810
[all singing in native language]

728
01:40:02,834 --> 01:40:06,894
(Aluli)
As people come to Kaho'olawe,
we watch them,

729
01:40:06,918 --> 01:40:10,268
check them out,
laugh with them,

730
01:40:10,292 --> 01:40:13,918
look at their talents,
and they surface.

731
01:40:16,626 --> 01:40:20,226
[conch blaring]

732
01:40:20,250 --> 01:40:23,185
'Ohana is an extended family,
not a nuclear family,

733
01:40:23,209 --> 01:40:24,976
and it's multigenerational--

734
01:40:25,000 --> 01:40:27,976
made up of grandparents,
parents, and children--

735
01:40:28,000 --> 01:40:29,976
and inclusive
of those who've passed on

736
01:40:30,000 --> 01:40:31,584
and those yet to come.

737
01:40:34,999 --> 01:40:37,685
Our commitment
in the Protect Kaho'olawe 'Ohana

738
01:40:37,709 --> 01:40:41,643
is not so much to each other
as to the island.

739
01:40:41,667 --> 01:40:43,685
We become an'ohana
to each other

740
01:40:43,709 --> 01:40:46,999
because we're all connected
to this island.

741
01:40:49,584 --> 01:40:53,351
(Aluli)
We believe that we can call
upon the spirits to help us.

742
01:40:53,375 --> 01:40:57,602
We can regain
those ancestral memories

743
01:40:57,626 --> 01:41:02,143
if we observe
and if we do the ceremonies

744
01:41:02,167 --> 01:41:05,999
and if we sweat on the land
to repair it.

745
01:41:08,083 --> 01:41:10,685
(Naho'opi'i)
They are the people
of the island.

746
01:41:10,709 --> 01:41:12,852
They are
the cultural practitioners.

747
01:41:12,876 --> 01:41:15,602
They are the people
who are doing

748
01:41:15,626 --> 01:41:17,268
these traditional
Hawaiian practices.

749
01:41:17,292 --> 01:41:19,602
They are the ones who are doing
the spiritual worship.

750
01:41:19,626 --> 01:41:21,727
They are the ones
who are creating

751
01:41:21,751 --> 01:41:24,334
this way of life
on Kaho'olawe.

752
01:41:29,334 --> 01:41:32,975
So what is UXO?
It's "unexploded ordnance."

753
01:41:32,999 --> 01:41:36,602
Again, Kaho'olawe was bombed
for, you know, almost 50 years.

754
01:41:36,626 --> 01:41:39,975
We're gonna find a lot of stuff
on our roads, trails,

755
01:41:39,999 --> 01:41:42,935
our footpaths, and riverbeds.

756
01:41:42,959 --> 01:41:46,685
If you guys see metal objects,
shiny stuff,

757
01:41:46,709 --> 01:41:49,999
if you don't know what that is,
don't touch it.

758
01:41:54,042 --> 01:41:57,042
[metal detector beeping]

759
01:41:59,751 --> 01:42:02,393
.50-caliber casing.

760
01:42:02,417 --> 01:42:04,477
We quite literally find UXO

761
01:42:04,501 --> 01:42:06,685
every time we come out
to the island.

762
01:42:06,709 --> 01:42:08,685
You just have to have that one
that's in the trail

763
01:42:08,709 --> 01:42:09,999
to do you some harm.

764
01:42:12,083 --> 01:42:15,268
The reason why there are so many
unexploded ordnance left

765
01:42:15,292 --> 01:42:17,435
is because, back in the day,

766
01:42:17,459 --> 01:42:19,975
they were figuring
on a 30% dud ratio.

767
01:42:19,999 --> 01:42:23,101
So for every 100 bombs
that you dropped,

768
01:42:23,125 --> 01:42:24,999
30 of those
weren't going to go off.

769
01:42:28,417 --> 01:42:30,975
[metal detector beeping]

770
01:42:30,999 --> 01:42:32,975
(Naho'opi'i)
I don't think people
think about

771
01:42:32,999 --> 01:42:35,975
the remnants of war
and what it means.

772
01:42:35,999 --> 01:42:38,584
After you leave a war zone,
what do you leave behind?

773
01:42:39,999 --> 01:42:42,101
(narrator)
The navy's cleanup
lasted ten years

774
01:42:42,125 --> 01:42:46,768
and cost taxpayers
$400 million.

775
01:42:46,792 --> 01:42:49,059
It wasn't enough.

776
01:42:49,083 --> 01:42:52,435
Live ordnance still hides
under the surface.

777
01:42:52,459 --> 01:42:54,643
1/4 of the island
was not cleared at all.

778
01:42:54,667 --> 01:42:55,768
So if you guys see this,

779
01:42:55,792 --> 01:42:56,975
you got to tell
mommies or daddies

780
01:42:56,999 --> 01:42:58,101
or aunties or uncles...

781
01:42:58,125 --> 01:42:59,975
(narrator)
No visitors have been injured,

782
01:42:59,999 --> 01:43:01,894
but the risk remains.

783
01:43:01,918 --> 01:43:03,894
(Naho'opi'i)
There are still bombs out there.

784
01:43:03,918 --> 01:43:06,976
The cleanup was as much
as they could do

785
01:43:07,000 --> 01:43:09,975
and as much as Congress
could afford.

786
01:43:09,999 --> 01:43:14,018
(narrator)
This crater was formed
by a massive explosion

787
01:43:14,042 --> 01:43:16,518
which fractured
the island's aquifer,

788
01:43:16,542 --> 01:43:19,975
complicating the effort
to restore native plants.

789
01:43:19,999 --> 01:43:21,268
(McGregor)
We have no water.

790
01:43:21,292 --> 01:43:23,143
There's no running water
on the island.

791
01:43:23,167 --> 01:43:26,975
So we have to be creative
in how to capture water

792
01:43:26,999 --> 01:43:28,667
that comes from the heavens.

793
01:43:33,834 --> 01:43:37,768
(Neff)
The plants that live here
are really hardy, tough plants

794
01:43:37,792 --> 01:43:40,059
because of the environment,

795
01:43:40,083 --> 01:43:43,101
just like the people
who come here.

796
01:43:43,125 --> 01:43:45,976
We're going off ofaloha 'aina

797
01:43:46,000 --> 01:43:47,810
and the love for this place.

798
01:43:47,834 --> 01:43:50,018
That's what we are running on.

799
01:43:50,042 --> 01:43:51,894
That's our fuel.

800
01:43:51,918 --> 01:43:55,560
But are you
completing that exchange

801
01:43:55,584 --> 01:43:57,226
by doing something

802
01:43:57,250 --> 01:44:01,477
so the land is able
to love you back?

803
01:44:01,501 --> 01:44:04,999
That's what you want, right?

804
01:44:06,542 --> 01:44:08,852
(narrator)
Ecological restoration here

805
01:44:08,876 --> 01:44:10,435
requires extra caution

806
01:44:10,459 --> 01:44:13,435
because of unexploded ordnance.

807
01:44:13,459 --> 01:44:17,727
Respect for the land's spiritual
values is also essential.

808
01:44:17,751 --> 01:44:20,975
Volunteers are re-creating
a pilgrimage trail

809
01:44:20,999 --> 01:44:22,351
to circle the island.

810
01:44:22,375 --> 01:44:25,976
(Kawahakui)
The "Ala Loa" means
the "long trail."

811
01:44:26,000 --> 01:44:28,185
Our ancestors, they went--

812
01:44:28,209 --> 01:44:31,059
start this path
for us to follow,

813
01:44:31,083 --> 01:44:34,560
and it's our turn now
to keep on going with this.

814
01:44:34,584 --> 01:44:37,018
You know, we pave this path,
you know,

815
01:44:37,042 --> 01:44:39,643
so for ourkamali'i,
our children,

816
01:44:39,667 --> 01:44:42,852
when we get kids,
they can have something

817
01:44:42,876 --> 01:44:46,209
that they can actually look at
and follow.

818
01:44:48,167 --> 01:44:50,685
(Naho'opi'i)
Kaho'olawe's always been
a training ground.

819
01:44:50,709 --> 01:44:53,685
The generation of today,
they're learning now

820
01:44:53,709 --> 01:44:55,393
about their cultural past,

821
01:44:55,417 --> 01:44:59,435
about their ancestors,
and who they are.

822
01:44:59,459 --> 01:45:00,852
But also at the same time,

823
01:45:00,876 --> 01:45:04,975
they're learning about
technology, science,

824
01:45:04,999 --> 01:45:08,709
but to keep their foot grounded
in the past.

825
01:45:11,918 --> 01:45:13,435
(woman)
In the autumn,

826
01:45:13,459 --> 01:45:16,351
the sun moves
from the shining road of Kane

827
01:45:16,375 --> 01:45:20,101
into Kanaloa's depths.

828
01:45:20,125 --> 01:45:21,810
At the equinox,

829
01:45:21,834 --> 01:45:24,477
when day and night
are perfectly balanced,

830
01:45:24,501 --> 01:45:28,351
the two gods share the sun.

831
01:45:28,375 --> 01:45:32,310
That is a time
to observe and chant,

832
01:45:32,334 --> 01:45:35,751
to entice the wet season
to begin.

833
01:45:40,999 --> 01:45:42,643
(McGregor)
So this shrine

834
01:45:42,667 --> 01:45:45,602
Uncle Harry said
was the Kane Kanaloa rock,

835
01:45:45,626 --> 01:45:48,685
so one represented Kane
and one Kanaloa,

836
01:45:48,709 --> 01:45:51,477
and he said
it was used to observe

837
01:45:51,501 --> 01:45:52,975
the rising of the sun.

838
01:45:52,999 --> 01:45:57,018
The site has its own
protective mana that--

839
01:45:57,042 --> 01:45:59,727
it wasn't destroyed
during the military period.

840
01:45:59,751 --> 01:46:02,852
We have the opportunity

841
01:46:02,876 --> 01:46:04,975
to come here,

842
01:46:04,999 --> 01:46:08,602
like no other island
in Hawaii,

843
01:46:08,626 --> 01:46:12,975
and begin repairing the place
and doing the ceremonies.

844
01:46:12,999 --> 01:46:17,602
We'll learn together on how
to make sure that this survives

845
01:46:17,626 --> 01:46:19,999
the test of erosion and time.

846
01:46:22,542 --> 01:46:23,975
(narrator)
Regaining the island

847
01:46:23,999 --> 01:46:27,999
sparked a Hawaiian renaissance
that also revived the language.

848
01:46:30,000 --> 01:46:33,000
[girl speaking native language]

849
01:46:35,999 --> 01:46:38,999
[man speaking native language]

850
01:46:46,334 --> 01:46:49,250
[Derek Mar
speaking native language]

851
01:47:04,125 --> 01:47:06,602
One of the most
meaningful things

852
01:47:06,626 --> 01:47:08,560
that we do
when we are on island

853
01:47:08,584 --> 01:47:10,975
is, at the end of the day,
we come together

854
01:47:10,999 --> 01:47:14,310
andkukakuka,
or we "talk story."

855
01:47:14,334 --> 01:47:16,810
We need to hear
the meaning of sacredness,

856
01:47:16,834 --> 01:47:18,975
why you come to Kaho'olawe.

857
01:47:18,999 --> 01:47:22,975
I'll take a step forward
and say the planet is sacred.

858
01:47:22,999 --> 01:47:25,518
Every single piece of land,

859
01:47:25,542 --> 01:47:28,268
whether it's in Africa,
Siberia, America,

860
01:47:28,292 --> 01:47:31,975
whatever you want to say,
there it is, sacred.

861
01:47:31,999 --> 01:47:34,975
But it's just at another level.

862
01:47:34,999 --> 01:47:38,975
Kaho'olawe
is at a pretty high level.

863
01:47:38,999 --> 01:47:40,685
Waikiki is pretty low
because...

864
01:47:40,709 --> 01:47:43,435
[laughter]

865
01:47:43,459 --> 01:47:47,268
(McGregor)
I feel challenged
to figure out how to convince

866
01:47:47,292 --> 01:47:51,143
the general public that we need
to commit resources

867
01:47:51,167 --> 01:47:53,626
to keep Kaho'olawe sacred.

868
01:47:55,125 --> 01:47:57,059
(narrator)
Kaho'olawe is the first land

869
01:47:57,083 --> 01:47:58,477
regained by Hawaiians

870
01:47:58,501 --> 01:48:01,975
since the U.S. overthrow
in 1893.

871
01:48:01,999 --> 01:48:04,852
The state of Hawaii
now holds the island in trust

872
01:48:04,876 --> 01:48:07,477
for a future sovereign entity.

873
01:48:07,501 --> 01:48:11,975
By statute, Kaho'olawe
is protected from commercialism.

874
01:48:11,999 --> 01:48:15,226
But without revenue
from commerce or taxes,

875
01:48:15,250 --> 01:48:17,976
continued restoration
is in jeopardy

876
01:48:18,000 --> 01:48:21,975
as federal cleanup funding
runs out.

877
01:48:21,999 --> 01:48:24,059
There is a price tag

878
01:48:24,083 --> 01:48:26,143
to the entire restoration
of Kaho'olawe.

879
01:48:26,167 --> 01:48:28,685
How do we pay
for that price tag

880
01:48:28,709 --> 01:48:30,477
but at the same time

881
01:48:30,501 --> 01:48:33,999
keeping the sanctity
of the island intact?

882
01:48:35,542 --> 01:48:37,685
(Neff)
The question comes about,

883
01:48:37,709 --> 01:48:40,560
do we need to open up
commercialism?

884
01:48:40,584 --> 01:48:43,059
For me, I say no.

885
01:48:43,083 --> 01:48:46,435
In the beginning,
the people who said

886
01:48:46,459 --> 01:48:48,643
no commercialism,

887
01:48:48,667 --> 01:48:52,310
I think that was
a very good decision.

888
01:48:52,334 --> 01:48:55,976
If you were coming here,
it wasn't for money.

889
01:48:56,000 --> 01:48:59,000
[all shouting]

890
01:49:05,999 --> 01:49:09,727
(Birnie)
This island belongs
to the people of Hawaii,

891
01:49:09,751 --> 01:49:12,935
and it's a Hawaiian
cultural reserve.

892
01:49:12,959 --> 01:49:15,975
And that doesn't mean that it's
reserved just for Hawaiians,

893
01:49:15,999 --> 01:49:19,602
but it means
it is the place

894
01:49:19,626 --> 01:49:22,501
for the practice
of Hawaiian culture.

895
01:49:23,999 --> 01:49:26,059
(Naho'opi'i)
And we want it not only
just protected

896
01:49:26,083 --> 01:49:28,976
as a natural area reserve,

897
01:49:29,000 --> 01:49:31,602
but we want
the indigenous relationship

898
01:49:31,626 --> 01:49:32,810
of the land protected.

899
01:49:32,834 --> 01:49:34,351
[chanting
in native language]

900
01:49:34,375 --> 01:49:36,185
(Naho'opi'i)
Our uniqueness is that
the people of Hawaii

901
01:49:36,209 --> 01:49:39,018
have made that commitment.

902
01:49:39,042 --> 01:49:40,999
Ah.

903
01:49:43,999 --> 01:49:48,351
(Derek Mar)
This little seed is gonna make
a big plant like this.

904
01:49:48,375 --> 01:49:51,975
This place still needs
people tomalama,

905
01:49:51,999 --> 01:49:54,975
or to take care,
of our'aina,

906
01:49:54,999 --> 01:49:56,975
this sacred land.

907
01:49:56,999 --> 01:49:59,975
[both chanting
in native language]

908
01:49:59,999 --> 01:50:01,310
(Derek Mar)
It's not just restoration.

909
01:50:01,334 --> 01:50:02,894
It's so much more than that.

910
01:50:02,918 --> 01:50:04,975
It's restoring a place.

911
01:50:04,999 --> 01:50:07,209
And it's restoring
a people.

912
01:50:09,876 --> 01:50:12,876
[conch blaring]

913
01:50:21,375 --> 01:50:24,351
[all singing in native language]

914
01:50:24,375 --> 01:50:32,375
♪ ♪

915
01:50:46,375 --> 01:50:48,768
(Kanoa-Wong)
Another way we try
tomalamaKaho'olawe

916
01:50:48,792 --> 01:50:52,643
is, we have the rain ceremony
where we call the rains.

917
01:50:52,667 --> 01:50:57,226
[singing
in native language]

918
01:50:57,250 --> 01:51:00,518
(Kanoa-Wong)
We're doing
what our ancestors did

919
01:51:00,542 --> 01:51:04,810
to remind the rain,
to remind the wind

920
01:51:04,834 --> 01:51:06,975
that you have to come
to Kaho'olawe.

921
01:51:06,999 --> 01:51:08,810
Please come to Kaho'olawe

922
01:51:08,834 --> 01:51:11,975
and bring those rains
from Maui.

923
01:51:11,999 --> 01:51:14,999
[all chanting
in native language]

924
01:51:43,334 --> 01:51:45,602
(Neff)
Just the thought
ofaloha 'ainais simple.

925
01:51:45,626 --> 01:51:47,975
Aloha 'aina--
love the land.

926
01:51:47,999 --> 01:51:50,810
Everybody who comes here
is on that same

927
01:51:50,834 --> 01:51:53,560
sense of purpose
and sacredness.

928
01:51:53,584 --> 01:51:55,999
I see magic happen here.

929
01:52:03,542 --> 01:52:05,643
(Kylee Mar)
They take the lessons
of Kaho'olawe,

930
01:52:05,667 --> 01:52:07,975
they take the lessons
that they learn from each other

931
01:52:07,999 --> 01:52:10,310
back to their homes
on different islands,

932
01:52:10,334 --> 01:52:12,143
back to the continent,

933
01:52:12,167 --> 01:52:13,935
back to different parts
of the world.

934
01:52:13,959 --> 01:52:16,768
And they can remember
whataloha 'ainais

935
01:52:16,792 --> 01:52:18,975
and what that means
to love the place,

936
01:52:18,999 --> 01:52:22,059
to love their land,
to listen for the messages,

937
01:52:22,083 --> 01:52:24,727
to share, to be kind,

938
01:52:24,751 --> 01:52:29,101
to remember the very simple
truths and very simple values

939
01:52:29,125 --> 01:52:31,975
that we as human beings
in our guts

940
01:52:31,999 --> 01:52:33,393
know we should be doing.

941
01:52:33,417 --> 01:52:36,143
Kaho'olawe is a catalyst.

942
01:52:36,167 --> 01:52:40,334
Kaho'olawe's going to be
the testing ground for us.

943
01:52:44,042 --> 01:52:48,143
(Aluli)
We've got much going
for us as Hawaiians.

944
01:52:48,167 --> 01:52:51,351
From almost losing everything,

945
01:52:51,375 --> 01:52:55,852
we've been able
to reclaim some land.

946
01:52:55,876 --> 01:52:59,685
We now have an island
that can teach

947
01:52:59,709 --> 01:53:03,975
the generations,
ongoing,

948
01:53:03,999 --> 01:53:05,834
without interference.

949
01:53:11,501 --> 01:53:13,226
(Lyons)
For indigenous people,

950
01:53:13,250 --> 01:53:16,268
the most important thing
is relationship.

951
01:53:16,292 --> 01:53:19,976
We value relationship
way beyond anything else.

952
01:53:20,000 --> 01:53:22,602
Relationship--
to be close,

953
01:53:22,626 --> 01:53:24,310
to be next to the tree,

954
01:53:24,334 --> 01:53:26,101
to be next to the water,

955
01:53:26,125 --> 01:53:29,999
to be--
to be next to the earth.

956
01:53:32,709 --> 01:53:35,310
(Lopez)
Most of the time
when you ask people,

957
01:53:35,334 --> 01:53:37,143
"What is the opposite of love?"

958
01:53:37,167 --> 01:53:39,351
They will say hate.

959
01:53:39,375 --> 01:53:43,518
But the opposite of love
is indifference.

960
01:53:43,542 --> 01:53:46,143
People are indifferent
to the earth.

961
01:53:46,167 --> 01:53:48,143
What we have in front of us
is an enterprise

962
01:53:48,167 --> 01:53:52,935
to repair indifference
on a vast scale

963
01:53:52,959 --> 01:53:56,226
and turn it into
a loving relationship.

964
01:53:56,250 --> 01:53:58,976
(narrator)
In this worldwide effort,

965
01:53:59,000 --> 01:54:02,975
isolated cultures show the way
for all humanity

966
01:54:02,999 --> 01:54:06,999
to meet our obligation
to protect the life of the land.

967
01:54:08,834 --> 01:54:11,101
(Kumar)
We have to have a reverence
for the earth.

968
01:54:11,125 --> 01:54:14,976
God is not out of this world,

969
01:54:15,000 --> 01:54:17,226
in the sky,

970
01:54:17,250 --> 01:54:18,999
controlling the world.

971
01:54:20,292 --> 01:54:23,435
Nature is my god.

972
01:54:23,459 --> 01:54:26,518
Earth is my goddess.

973
01:54:26,542 --> 01:54:30,310
These holy sacred mountains
and rivers,

974
01:54:30,334 --> 01:54:32,975
they become my temples.

975
01:54:32,999 --> 01:54:35,999
They become my prayer.

976
01:54:37,999 --> 01:54:42,310
(LaDuke)
Sacred places are like
the spiritual recharge areas

977
01:54:42,334 --> 01:54:47,268
where we are always
not only careful

978
01:54:47,292 --> 01:54:48,999
but prayerful.

979
01:54:50,542 --> 01:54:53,975
No other creatures
have free will like we do.

980
01:54:53,999 --> 01:54:57,435
We have the responsibility
to be righteous.

981
01:54:57,459 --> 01:55:00,542
[woman chanting
in native language]

982
01:55:02,959 --> 01:55:04,975
(woman)
Bare feet in the sand,

983
01:55:04,999 --> 01:55:06,894
we each arrive as pilgrims

984
01:55:06,918 --> 01:55:09,768
on the islands
of our ancestors,

985
01:55:09,792 --> 01:55:13,560
and we listen for the voice
of the land.

986
01:55:13,584 --> 01:55:16,059
I hear the voice now.

987
01:55:16,083 --> 01:55:19,975
Amama, ua noa, ua lele aku.

988
01:55:19,999 --> 01:55:21,975
The prayer is free.

989
01:55:21,999 --> 01:55:23,310
It has lifted.

990
01:55:23,334 --> 01:55:24,727
It has flown.

991
01:55:24,751 --> 01:55:26,459
[people chanting and clapping]

992
01:55:44,709 --> 01:55:46,918
(announcer)
For more information,
log on to:

993
01:55:51,083 --> 01:55:53,685
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ofStanding on Sacred Ground,

994
01:55:53,709 --> 01:55:54,709
call:

995
01:56:18,042 --> 01:56:21,101
Funding for theStanding
on Sacred Groundseries

996
01:56:21,125 --> 01:56:22,226
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997
01:56:22,250 --> 01:56:26,185
the Corporation
for Public Broadcasting.

998
01:56:26,209 --> 01:56:29,042
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999
01:56:34,501 --> 01:56:36,501
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