00:00:00.709 --> 00:00:02.753
(echoed ambient roar)

00:00:09.009 --> 00:00:10.010
(dramatic orchestral music)

00:00:10.010 --> 00:00:11.970
(Setsuko)
Hiroshima.

00:00:11.970 --> 00:00:14.598
That's where I was born.

00:00:18.435 --> 00:00:21.063
(news reporter)
Setsuko Thurlow
was only 13 years old

00:00:21.063 --> 00:00:24.942
when the bomb was dropped
on her hometown.

00:00:24.942 --> 00:00:28.612
(Mitchie)
Setsuko has lived
her entire life

00:00:28.612 --> 00:00:30.656
for nuclear disarmament.

00:00:32.407 --> 00:00:35.202
(Tim)
Setsuko is one of
the most compelling people

00:00:35.202 --> 00:00:36.578
I have ever met.

00:00:36.578 --> 00:00:39.373
She's had a profound impact.

00:00:39.373 --> 00:00:42.251
It's a crime against humanity.

00:00:42.251 --> 00:00:47.506
(Steve)
She is not just
making a emotional appeal.

00:00:47.506 --> 00:00:49.508
Setsuko is very intellectual,

00:00:49.508 --> 00:00:51.426
and she has a strategy.

00:00:52.094 --> 00:00:54.680
This treaty can

00:00:54.680 --> 00:00:56.765
and will

00:00:56.765 --> 00:00:59.226
change the world.

00:00:59.226 --> 00:01:02.396
(Andrew)
She would, without hesitation,
work herself to exhaustion

00:01:02.396 --> 00:01:04.564
to get her message across.

00:01:04.564 --> 00:01:08.402
(man)
People who make
history in a positive way

00:01:08.402 --> 00:01:12.155
all have a sacred stubbornness.

00:01:12.155 --> 00:01:15.075
(Setsuko)
I don't regret
how I have lived,

00:01:15.075 --> 00:01:20.455
but my work demanded
certain sacrifice.

00:01:20.455 --> 00:01:24.376
(Eric)
You think about
her journey from the ashes

00:01:24.376 --> 00:01:28.046
and the devastation
of her hometown

00:01:28.046 --> 00:01:31.967
to Oslo and a Nobel Peace Prize.

00:01:31.967 --> 00:01:34.386
It's an extraordinary
life story.

00:01:36.179 --> 00:01:40.225
(Setsuko)
The dreams of the survivors
of Hiroshima-Nagasaki

00:01:40.225 --> 00:01:41.810
has been witnessing

00:01:41.810 --> 00:01:44.730
the abolition
of nuclear weapons.

00:01:44.730 --> 00:01:48.608
I have a feeling
I may be able to see it

00:01:48.608 --> 00:01:50.485
in my lifetime.

00:02:04.708 --> 00:02:06.710
(crowd)
No more Hiroshimas!

00:02:06.710 --> 00:02:08.712
(male voice)
No more Nagasakis!

00:02:08.712 --> 00:02:11.381
(crowd)
No more Nagasakis!

00:02:11.381 --> 00:02:14.134
(Mitchie)
My name is Mitchie Takeuchi.

00:02:14.134 --> 00:02:16.303
My mother and my grandparents

00:02:16.303 --> 00:02:21.224
survived the atomic bomb
dropped on Hiroshima in 1945,

00:02:21.224 --> 00:02:25.312
but they kept
their experiences secret.

00:02:25.312 --> 00:02:28.190
I didn't learn about
what really happened to them

00:02:28.190 --> 00:02:30.025
until I met Setsuko.

00:02:30.025 --> 00:02:31.735
(crowd)
Peace now!

00:02:31.735 --> 00:02:33.779
(soft piano music)

00:02:38.200 --> 00:02:39.368
(Mitchie)
I'm gonna make a salad.

00:02:39.368 --> 00:02:41.328
(Setsuko)
It's all right.

00:02:41.328 --> 00:02:45.540
(Mitchie)
When we met, I felt
instantly close to Setsuko.

00:02:45.540 --> 00:02:48.043
(Setsuko speaking Japanese)

00:02:48.043 --> 00:02:49.628
We were both expats

00:02:49.628 --> 00:02:53.298
living outside of Japan
for many years.

00:02:53.298 --> 00:02:56.635
We even went to the same
girls' school in Hiroshima,

00:02:56.635 --> 00:02:58.929
though 20 years apart.

00:03:00.430 --> 00:03:02.391
(Setsuko)
This was high school.

00:03:03.141 --> 00:03:05.185
My goodness.

00:03:05.185 --> 00:03:08.063
Yeah, I see myself.

00:03:08.063 --> 00:03:12.401
Here I am standing
next to the teacher.

00:03:13.443 --> 00:03:16.696
This was English class.

00:03:16.696 --> 00:03:18.407
(Mitchie speaking Japanese)

00:03:18.407 --> 00:03:20.867
-You are so cute.
-Yeah.

00:03:22.744 --> 00:03:24.830
(Mitchie)
For all that we had in common,

00:03:24.830 --> 00:03:29.251
Setsuko had one quality
that was missing from my life:

00:03:29.251 --> 00:03:31.253
a willingness
to talk about the tragedy

00:03:31.253 --> 00:03:34.089
that happened
in our beautiful city.

00:03:36.091 --> 00:03:39.761
(Setsuko)
This was my best friend.

00:03:41.513 --> 00:03:44.099
She was in the center part
of the city together

00:03:44.099 --> 00:03:47.436
with several thousand
other students,

00:03:47.436 --> 00:03:49.688
and...

00:03:49.688 --> 00:03:52.691
most of them simply melted,

00:03:52.691 --> 00:03:56.278
vaporized, and all carbonized.

00:03:57.487 --> 00:04:00.657
Those girls,
they just crawled around

00:04:00.657 --> 00:04:03.160
and they couldn't
see each other.

00:04:03.160 --> 00:04:06.413
Their eyes were almost closed,

00:04:06.413 --> 00:04:12.127
but by the voice,
they could identify each other.

00:04:12.127 --> 00:04:17.674
This math teacher suggested,
let's sing some hymns,

00:04:17.674 --> 00:04:21.845
and they sang
"Nearer to Thee, My God."

00:04:24.014 --> 00:04:26.308
Oh, that really
breaks my heart

00:04:26.308 --> 00:04:28.143
when I think of that.

00:04:29.269 --> 00:04:33.023
And as they sang, one by one,

00:04:33.023 --> 00:04:36.526
they just collapsed and died.

00:04:37.986 --> 00:04:41.323
The teacher said,
"Those of you who can stand up,

00:04:41.323 --> 00:04:46.203
let's walk over to
the Red Cross hospital nearby."

00:04:47.037 --> 00:04:50.165
My best friend stood up,

00:04:50.165 --> 00:04:53.710
and the teacher said,
"Hang on to my shoulder.

00:04:53.710 --> 00:04:55.545
I can support you."

00:04:55.545 --> 00:04:59.382
So she put her hand
over the shoulder

00:04:59.382 --> 00:05:02.719
of Miss Yonehara,

00:05:02.719 --> 00:05:06.598
and then the flesh
and skin just came off

00:05:06.598 --> 00:05:09.726
and she could see white bone

00:05:09.726 --> 00:05:12.729
of the teacher's shoulder.

00:05:14.898 --> 00:05:16.399
(Mitchie)
Listening to Setsuko

00:05:16.399 --> 00:05:19.027
awakened the dormant
feelings I had

00:05:19.027 --> 00:05:23.114
about my family's history
as Hiroshima survivors.

00:05:25.033 --> 00:05:27.911
I met Setsuko by pure accident.

00:05:27.911 --> 00:05:30.372
(Mitchie speaking Japanese)

00:05:30.372 --> 00:05:32.582
One day,
I got a call from my friend,

00:05:32.582 --> 00:05:35.335
urgently looking
for a Japanese interpreter.

00:05:36.878 --> 00:05:39.256
Without knowing
what the meeting was about,

00:05:39.256 --> 00:05:40.340
I agreed to go,

00:05:40.340 --> 00:05:42.926
and that's where I met Setsuko,

00:05:42.926 --> 00:05:46.096
and became a part
of Hibakusha Stories.

00:05:47.597 --> 00:05:49.599
(soft ambient music)

00:05:57.232 --> 00:05:58.525
(audience applauding)

00:05:58.525 --> 00:06:00.193
Good afternoon,
ladies and gentlemen.

00:06:00.193 --> 00:06:01.611
My name is Kathleen

00:06:01.611 --> 00:06:04.656
and I'm part
of Hibakusha Stories.

00:06:04.656 --> 00:06:09.411
Hibakusha is the Japanese word
for atomic bomb survivor,

00:06:09.411 --> 00:06:13.540
and it is my deep privilege
to bring to you today

00:06:13.540 --> 00:06:16.293
Setsuko Thurlow from Hiroshima.

00:06:16.293 --> 00:06:19.462
(audience applauding)

00:06:19.462 --> 00:06:21.923
(Kathleen Sullivan)
Hibakusha Stories'
mission is to bring

00:06:21.923 --> 00:06:25.135
the firsthand witness
of those survivors of Hiroshima

00:06:25.135 --> 00:06:27.554
and Nagasaki into classrooms

00:06:27.554 --> 00:06:29.514
so that young people
can understand

00:06:29.514 --> 00:06:33.643
why nuclear weapons
are still a risk to this day.

00:06:33.643 --> 00:06:36.146
(Setsuko)
My most important role

00:06:36.146 --> 00:06:40.400
is to share
survivors' experiences.

00:06:40.400 --> 00:06:43.653
What actually happened.

00:06:43.653 --> 00:06:48.116
Over 30,000 young people
have heard us.

00:06:49.326 --> 00:06:50.660
(conversing in Japanese)

00:06:50.660 --> 00:06:53.038
(Mitchie)
Shortly after we met,

00:06:53.038 --> 00:06:55.332
Setsuko developed knee problems

00:06:55.332 --> 00:06:59.169
and needed a little
extra help getting around,

00:06:59.169 --> 00:07:01.671
so I invited her to stay with me

00:07:01.671 --> 00:07:03.840
whenever she came
to New York City

00:07:03.840 --> 00:07:06.343
to work with Hibakusha Stories.

00:07:09.804 --> 00:07:12.140
(Setsuko)
What I will speak would be

00:07:12.140 --> 00:07:15.268
what I personally experienced,

00:07:15.268 --> 00:07:18.647
and it could happen again
in a larger scale,

00:07:18.647 --> 00:07:21.066
so we gotta
do something about it.

00:07:21.066 --> 00:07:23.485
(Kathleen Lawand)
Setsuko and the other Hibakusha,

00:07:23.485 --> 00:07:27.656
they are the first witnesses
of what happened

00:07:27.656 --> 00:07:32.869
and they are the victims
of these weapons.

00:07:32.869 --> 00:07:35.163
Their voice is
extremely important

00:07:35.163 --> 00:07:37.666
to remind the world
why this weapon

00:07:37.666 --> 00:07:40.335
must be eliminated.

00:07:40.335 --> 00:07:43.296
(Setsuko)
I was 13 years of age
at that time,

00:07:43.296 --> 00:07:45.924
I was in grade eight.

00:07:45.924 --> 00:07:49.969
And we students were
mobilized to decode

00:07:49.969 --> 00:07:53.264
top secret messages.

00:07:54.724 --> 00:07:56.685
That morning,

00:07:56.685 --> 00:08:00.772
we had the assembly.

00:08:00.772 --> 00:08:05.318
The man in charge,
he was giving us a pep talk.

00:08:05.318 --> 00:08:10.407
"Girls, this is the day
you dedicate for the emperor.

00:08:10.407 --> 00:08:12.617
Do your best."

00:08:12.617 --> 00:08:16.162
We said, "Yes sir,
we will do our best."

00:08:16.162 --> 00:08:19.332
And at that moment
in the window,

00:08:19.332 --> 00:08:22.460
I saw a bluish-white flash,

00:08:22.460 --> 00:08:24.587
just a blinding flash.

00:08:24.587 --> 00:08:26.589
(ominous music)

00:08:28.383 --> 00:08:30.343
Then the next sensation I felt

00:08:30.343 --> 00:08:34.180
was just flying up in the air,

00:08:34.180 --> 00:08:36.850
and when I regained
consciousness,

00:08:36.850 --> 00:08:40.145
I started hearing faint voices

00:08:40.145 --> 00:08:42.772
of my classmates around me.

00:08:42.772 --> 00:08:44.441
"Mother, help me."

00:08:44.441 --> 00:08:46.317
"I am here."

00:08:46.317 --> 00:08:48.862
"God, help me."

00:08:52.449 --> 00:08:54.033
All of a sudden,

00:08:54.033 --> 00:08:57.954
somebody's strong hand
from behind

00:08:57.954 --> 00:09:00.749
shaking my left shoulder,

00:09:00.749 --> 00:09:02.250
and the man's voice said,

00:09:02.250 --> 00:09:04.961
"Don't give up, keep moving,
keep pushing.

00:09:04.961 --> 00:09:07.338
I'm trying to free you.

00:09:07.338 --> 00:09:11.134
And you see the sun ray
coming through that opening.

00:09:11.134 --> 00:09:14.971
Crawl toward it
as quickly as possible."

00:09:16.806 --> 00:09:21.519
So, I managed to come
to the opening of the rubble.

00:09:21.519 --> 00:09:25.106
I looked back
and I could still hear

00:09:25.106 --> 00:09:27.859
my classmates' voices,

00:09:27.859 --> 00:09:32.655
but it was already
engulfed in flame.

00:09:34.115 --> 00:09:36.701
Most of the 30 girls

00:09:36.701 --> 00:09:39.412
who were with me
in the same room

00:09:39.412 --> 00:09:42.207
were burned to death alive.

00:09:44.584 --> 00:09:48.338
By the time I came out,
it was very dark,

00:09:48.338 --> 00:09:51.174
and as my eyes adjusted,

00:09:51.174 --> 00:09:55.386
I started seeing
a procession of ghosts.

00:09:59.307 --> 00:10:03.728
They simply did not look
like human beings.

00:10:03.728 --> 00:10:09.400
People covered with blood
and burnt skin, blackened.

00:10:11.653 --> 00:10:16.866
And the skin and the flesh
were hanging from their bones.

00:10:21.621 --> 00:10:24.249
And some people
simply walking

00:10:24.249 --> 00:10:28.795
with their eyeballs
in their hands.

00:10:34.300 --> 00:10:35.927
(Kathleen Lawand)
At the end of August,

00:10:35.927 --> 00:10:39.931
the Red Cross
arrived at Hiroshima

00:10:39.931 --> 00:10:42.433
and our doctors witnessed
something that was

00:10:42.433 --> 00:10:46.479
just beyond comprehension
and beyond imagination.

00:10:47.605 --> 00:10:50.441
The city had been wiped out.

00:10:52.527 --> 00:10:53.945
The city center had been

00:10:53.945 --> 00:10:56.990
completely incinerated
and destroyed.

00:10:58.575 --> 00:11:01.286
Beyond that,
there was severe damage

00:11:01.286 --> 00:11:03.538
from the firestorms.

00:11:05.748 --> 00:11:10.253
And they noticed
a mysteriously serious illness.

00:11:10.253 --> 00:11:14.340
Persons who appeared to be
recovering from their injuries

00:11:14.340 --> 00:11:17.385
all of a sudden
were becoming sick again.

00:11:17.385 --> 00:11:19.304
We know now this was the effect

00:11:19.304 --> 00:11:22.807
of radiation sickness
and radiation exposure.

00:11:24.017 --> 00:11:26.019
(eerie music)

00:11:40.992 --> 00:11:44.203
(Setsuko)
We escaped to the foot
of the hillside.

00:11:44.203 --> 00:11:49.208
There was a huge
military training ground,

00:11:49.208 --> 00:11:53.421
about two football fields
combined.

00:11:53.421 --> 00:11:55.131
By the time we got there,

00:11:55.131 --> 00:11:58.384
the place was packed
with the dead bodies,

00:11:58.384 --> 00:12:02.722
dying people,
and injured people.

00:12:04.474 --> 00:12:07.268
They simply said in a whisper,

00:12:07.268 --> 00:12:10.355
"Give me water.
Water, please."

00:12:11.898 --> 00:12:18.237
But there were no buckets
or no containers to carry water.

00:12:18.237 --> 00:12:21.157
So we found a stream nearby

00:12:21.157 --> 00:12:24.535
and we went there
to wash our bodies

00:12:24.535 --> 00:12:28.081
covered with blood
and so on,

00:12:28.081 --> 00:12:32.085
and then,
we tore off our blouses

00:12:32.085 --> 00:12:34.963
and soaked them
in the water,

00:12:34.963 --> 00:12:39.592
and with much water in it,

00:12:39.592 --> 00:12:43.513
we rushed back
to the dying people,

00:12:43.513 --> 00:12:47.976
with dripping over the mouth
of those injured people.

00:12:47.976 --> 00:12:50.937
They desperately
sucked the moisture.

00:12:50.937 --> 00:12:52.438
(makes sucking sound)

00:12:52.438 --> 00:12:53.815
Like that.

00:12:53.815 --> 00:12:58.903
And then, they looked at you
and said, "Thank you."

00:12:58.903 --> 00:13:01.447
I looked around
and see if there were

00:13:01.447 --> 00:13:03.366
any doctors or nurses.

00:13:03.366 --> 00:13:04.617
There was none.

00:13:04.617 --> 00:13:09.288
I didn't see one single
healthcare professional.

00:13:09.288 --> 00:13:13.334
(Kathleen Lawand)
270 doctors that were
in Hiroshima were killed,

00:13:13.334 --> 00:13:16.004
and many of the others
were wounded.

00:13:16.004 --> 00:13:17.380
How could you possibly cope

00:13:17.380 --> 00:13:20.466
with only a handful
of doctors and nurses?

00:13:22.468 --> 00:13:26.848
(Mitchie)
My mother lived
in the suburbs of Hiroshima.

00:13:26.848 --> 00:13:28.850
When the atomic
bomb was dropped,

00:13:28.850 --> 00:13:31.227
her father was the head

00:13:31.227 --> 00:13:34.272
of the Red Cross hospital

00:13:34.272 --> 00:13:37.984
and he never returned home.

00:13:37.984 --> 00:13:39.569
Three days later,

00:13:39.569 --> 00:13:44.073
she decided to walk
over three miles

00:13:44.073 --> 00:13:47.994
across the city
of Hiroshima to look for him.

00:13:49.620 --> 00:13:53.875
Was he alive or wounded,
or even dead?

00:13:53.875 --> 00:13:55.251
Without knowing,

00:13:55.251 --> 00:13:59.672
she set off by herself
into the devastated city center.

00:14:02.508 --> 00:14:05.344
What horrors
she must have witnessed.

00:14:08.139 --> 00:14:11.476
And how much radiation
was she exposed to

00:14:11.476 --> 00:14:14.062
so soon after the bombing?

00:14:16.147 --> 00:14:17.482
When she got there,

00:14:17.482 --> 00:14:22.070
she found her father alive
but seriously injured,

00:14:22.070 --> 00:14:24.739
his body pierced
with shattered glass,

00:14:24.739 --> 00:14:27.742
and he had
multiple fractured bones.

00:14:28.951 --> 00:14:30.870
Confined to his bed,

00:14:30.870 --> 00:14:33.414
my grandfather continued
to give directions

00:14:33.414 --> 00:14:37.335
to the medical staff
seeking his advice.

00:14:37.335 --> 00:14:40.505
My mother stayed at the hospital
for a few weeks

00:14:40.505 --> 00:14:42.465
taking care of him.

00:14:44.092 --> 00:14:47.220
My mother told me this story
very casually

00:14:47.220 --> 00:14:50.181
when I was about 10 years old.

00:14:50.181 --> 00:14:54.435
We were sitting side by side
staring into a campfire

00:14:54.435 --> 00:14:56.729
after a long hike.

00:14:56.729 --> 00:14:59.482
I could tell
she was very proud of him.

00:15:00.733 --> 00:15:03.903
It was only years later
that I found out

00:15:03.903 --> 00:15:07.573
I was the only one
who knew this story.

00:15:07.573 --> 00:15:11.244
She hadn't even told
my three brothers.

00:15:13.329 --> 00:15:15.790
I told Setsuko
that I didn't know much

00:15:15.790 --> 00:15:18.876
about my grandfather's
experience.

00:15:18.876 --> 00:15:26.134
Your grandfather lived through
a very, very significant time.

00:15:26.134 --> 00:15:28.845
The hospital played
a key role

00:15:28.845 --> 00:15:33.182
in looking after
atomic bomb victims.

00:15:33.182 --> 00:15:37.103
(Mitchie)
I wish I had asked
my mother more

00:15:37.103 --> 00:15:39.480
when she was alive, but...

00:15:39.480 --> 00:15:41.732
(Setsuko)
Well, that happened
to many of us.

00:15:41.732 --> 00:15:44.861
We were too busy
with our own growing up.

00:15:44.861 --> 00:15:46.028
Yeah, that's true.

00:15:46.028 --> 00:15:49.448
She urged me
to find out more about him.

00:15:49.448 --> 00:15:51.075
(soft music)

00:15:51.075 --> 00:15:53.161
What I do know
about my grandfather

00:15:53.161 --> 00:15:55.955
is that he was
a military surgeon

00:15:55.955 --> 00:15:58.416
and a scientist.

00:15:58.416 --> 00:16:01.878
He was also a poet
and an artist.

00:16:05.965 --> 00:16:09.552
He was kind
and devoted to his family.

00:16:10.553 --> 00:16:12.430
My grandfather was transferred

00:16:12.430 --> 00:16:15.725
from Tokyo
to Hiroshima in 1938

00:16:15.725 --> 00:16:19.520
to establish the new
Red Cross hospital there.

00:16:20.980 --> 00:16:23.858
Growing up
after the war was long over,

00:16:23.858 --> 00:16:27.737
I wondered why we continued
to live in Hiroshima

00:16:27.737 --> 00:16:31.866
when the rest of our
extended family lived in Tokyo.

00:16:31.866 --> 00:16:34.410
Why did my family stay?

00:16:34.410 --> 00:16:36.704
I felt like an outsider,

00:16:36.704 --> 00:16:38.706
but somehow I knew

00:16:38.706 --> 00:16:42.126
I wasn't supposed
to ask about this.

00:16:42.126 --> 00:16:44.128
(solemn music)

00:16:50.426 --> 00:16:54.305
For the 70th anniversary
of the atomic bombing,

00:16:54.305 --> 00:16:56.807
Setsuko and I traveled to Japan

00:16:56.807 --> 00:16:58.601
to attend the memorial service

00:16:58.601 --> 00:17:01.103
for the alumnae
at our girls' school,

00:17:01.103 --> 00:17:03.856
Hiroshima Jogakuin.

00:17:03.856 --> 00:17:07.902
(Setsuko)
Boy, things have changed.

00:17:07.902 --> 00:17:13.532
This was the first school
building rebuilt in Hiroshima.

00:17:13.532 --> 00:17:19.038
That was the beginning
of a normal life for us.

00:17:19.038 --> 00:17:20.915
When I think about Hiroshima,

00:17:20.915 --> 00:17:26.671
certain people's images
stand out clearly.

00:17:26.671 --> 00:17:30.258
(birds singing)

00:17:30.258 --> 00:17:32.885
(soft music)

00:17:44.730 --> 00:17:46.983
(Setsuko speaking Japanese)

00:17:49.735 --> 00:17:54.282
I feel that weight
of the memory.

00:17:54.282 --> 00:17:57.785
After the bombing,
when we lost everything,

00:17:57.785 --> 00:18:01.789
you begin to wonder,
what is this all about?

00:18:01.789 --> 00:18:04.166
What is life? What is death?

00:18:05.960 --> 00:18:08.838
I questioned many things.

00:18:11.924 --> 00:18:14.635
I hardly knew anything
about Christianity

00:18:14.635 --> 00:18:16.095
when I first arrived here,

00:18:16.095 --> 00:18:19.515
because I came from
the Buddhist background.

00:18:21.225 --> 00:18:25.271
But at this school,
we had Christian teachers.

00:18:25.271 --> 00:18:27.064
They weren't imposing,

00:18:27.064 --> 00:18:29.525
but they were guiding us.

00:18:29.525 --> 00:18:32.069
Finally,
I decided I wanted

00:18:32.069 --> 00:18:35.197
to be part of that church,

00:18:35.197 --> 00:18:40.077
and that was really
the motivating foundation

00:18:40.077 --> 00:18:42.496
for my future activism.

00:18:44.373 --> 00:18:48.961
My church minister,
Reverend Tanimoto, he said,

00:18:48.961 --> 00:18:51.130
"Christian faith without action

00:18:51.130 --> 00:18:54.634
is not the Christian faith
to me."

00:18:54.634 --> 00:18:58.220
Choosing the profession
of social work,

00:18:58.220 --> 00:19:03.100
choosing to do the work
for anti-nuclear peace movement,

00:19:03.100 --> 00:19:06.270
all this comes from this school.

00:19:14.362 --> 00:19:16.364
(Japanese PA announcement)

00:19:18.282 --> 00:19:20.326
(Mitchie)
While I was in Hiroshima,

00:19:20.326 --> 00:19:24.163
I decided to research
my family's history.

00:19:24.163 --> 00:19:27.083
My first stop was
the Red Cross hospital.

00:19:28.250 --> 00:19:29.627
(crowd shouting)

00:19:29.627 --> 00:19:33.589
In 1947, the Showa Emperor
came to Hiroshima

00:19:33.589 --> 00:19:36.717
for the first time
after the bombing,

00:19:36.717 --> 00:19:39.345
and my grandfather
had a meeting with the emperor

00:19:39.345 --> 00:19:43.349
to report on the condition
of the survivors.

00:19:43.349 --> 00:19:47.144
A local artist was present
to paint the meeting.

00:19:48.479 --> 00:19:49.855
Before the war,

00:19:49.855 --> 00:19:53.943
the emperor was considered
to be like a god.

00:19:53.943 --> 00:19:57.738
After the war,
everything changed.

00:19:57.738 --> 00:20:00.324
There was a sense
of shame about anyone

00:20:00.324 --> 00:20:03.828
involved with the military
and the government.

00:20:03.828 --> 00:20:05.830
So although
my brothers and I knew

00:20:05.830 --> 00:20:08.958
that our grandfather
had met with the emperor,

00:20:08.958 --> 00:20:10.918
it was something
we never mentioned

00:20:10.918 --> 00:20:14.505
outside of the family.

00:20:14.505 --> 00:20:16.966
The only reminder
of the event

00:20:16.966 --> 00:20:20.469
was a small black-and-white
photocopy of the painting

00:20:20.469 --> 00:20:23.180
that I found
in my father's study

00:20:23.180 --> 00:20:25.141
after he passed away.

00:20:26.851 --> 00:20:31.188
It was time for me
to see the real painting.

00:20:31.188 --> 00:20:32.857
Over the next few years,

00:20:32.857 --> 00:20:36.026
I met with various
staff members at the hospital

00:20:36.026 --> 00:20:39.655
who tried to help me locate
the missing painting.

00:20:41.449 --> 00:20:45.286
Eventually, it was found
buried in the storage room.

00:20:45.286 --> 00:20:48.122
(gentle music)

00:20:48.122 --> 00:20:52.501
The painting was larger
than I thought it would be.

00:20:52.501 --> 00:20:54.420
It was surprisingly bright

00:20:54.420 --> 00:20:57.548
with chartreuse green
as the background.

00:20:59.383 --> 00:21:03.345
We have a specific word
for that color in Japanese,

00:21:03.345 --> 00:21:05.097
wakakusa iro,

00:21:05.097 --> 00:21:07.016
which is used
to illustrate the color

00:21:07.016 --> 00:21:09.435
of young grass in the spring.

00:21:11.770 --> 00:21:14.732
But interestingly,
this meeting with the emperor

00:21:14.732 --> 00:21:18.444
took place in December.

00:21:18.444 --> 00:21:20.154
Then I remembered,

00:21:20.154 --> 00:21:22.615
people feared that nothing
would grow in Hiroshima

00:21:22.615 --> 00:21:27.995
for 75 years,
because of the radiation.

00:21:27.995 --> 00:21:31.624
Maybe the color
was meant to symbolize hope.

00:21:34.293 --> 00:21:36.587
I had taken the first step

00:21:36.587 --> 00:21:40.299
towards recovering
my family's lost history.

00:21:47.097 --> 00:21:48.808
(soft music)

00:21:48.808 --> 00:21:53.646
(Setsuko)
1945 to 1954,

00:21:53.646 --> 00:21:59.735
that was the period
of rebuilding our lives,

00:21:59.735 --> 00:22:03.197
healing our lives.

00:22:03.197 --> 00:22:06.992
Life was still very difficult.

00:22:06.992 --> 00:22:09.787
Poverty, near-starvation,

00:22:09.787 --> 00:22:14.458
and children
who lost their parents.

00:22:14.458 --> 00:22:17.461
But step by step,

00:22:17.461 --> 00:22:20.965
the community started
coming back.

00:22:22.591 --> 00:22:25.010
Three days after the bombing,

00:22:25.010 --> 00:22:28.222
streetcars were running.

00:22:28.222 --> 00:22:29.473
That's amazing.

00:22:29.473 --> 00:22:33.018
That exemplified
how determined people were

00:22:33.018 --> 00:22:34.937
to rebuild the city.

00:22:36.146 --> 00:22:39.108
Occupation forces arrived.

00:22:40.442 --> 00:22:43.487
One of the first things
General MacArthur did

00:22:43.487 --> 00:22:47.992
was he started censorship
of Japanese press...

00:22:49.827 --> 00:22:52.746
...because they wrote
about Hibakusha,

00:22:52.746 --> 00:22:55.332
the survivors' suffering.

00:22:56.959 --> 00:23:02.423
Diaries, correspondences,
anything personal like that,

00:23:02.423 --> 00:23:06.844
that creates negative
impression of Americans,

00:23:06.844 --> 00:23:09.138
have to be confiscated.

00:23:10.723 --> 00:23:13.350
Japan was occupied
for seven years,

00:23:13.350 --> 00:23:16.478
until 1952.

00:23:16.478 --> 00:23:20.149
Until then,
we lived blindfolded.

00:23:20.149 --> 00:23:23.235
(insects chirring,
birds singing)

00:23:23.235 --> 00:23:27.072
(Mitchie)
When I learned about
the U.S. occupation censorship,

00:23:27.072 --> 00:23:29.283
I wondered if it played a part

00:23:29.283 --> 00:23:34.038
in my family's self-imposed
code of silence.

00:23:34.038 --> 00:23:36.373
(somber music)

00:23:36.373 --> 00:23:40.044
My grandfather had diligently
kept daily journals

00:23:40.044 --> 00:23:43.464
with his own sketches
for his entire life.

00:23:45.215 --> 00:23:47.217
As I went through them,

00:23:47.217 --> 00:23:50.929
I could find nothing
that related to his work

00:23:50.929 --> 00:23:53.557
a couple of years
after the bombing.

00:23:54.683 --> 00:23:57.561
That seemed strange to me.

00:23:59.146 --> 00:24:02.441
I went to the Hiroshima
Peace Memorial Museum

00:24:02.441 --> 00:24:05.235
to see what I could find.

00:24:06.654 --> 00:24:09.490
None of his missing
journals were there,

00:24:09.490 --> 00:24:12.076
but I did discover
a magazine article

00:24:12.076 --> 00:24:15.287
written by my grandfather
in 1946,

00:24:15.287 --> 00:24:18.874
exactly a year
after the A-bomb was dropped.

00:24:20.250 --> 00:24:23.796
Despite the censorship,
my grandfather had managed

00:24:23.796 --> 00:24:28.133
to describe in detail
the devastation of the bomb

00:24:28.133 --> 00:24:32.137
and the strong connection
he felt with other survivors.

00:24:33.806 --> 00:24:36.100
My grandfather
ended the article

00:24:36.100 --> 00:24:39.186
with a poignant haiku.

00:24:39.186 --> 00:24:42.189
(Mitchie speaking Japanese)

00:24:44.983 --> 00:24:47.194
Summer grass is growing,

00:24:47.194 --> 00:24:49.571
standing in the ruins,

00:24:49.571 --> 00:24:51.782
impossible to leave.

00:24:54.201 --> 00:24:57.162
I finally realized
why my grandfather

00:24:57.162 --> 00:24:59.957
had stayed in Hiroshima.

00:24:59.957 --> 00:25:04.712
He felt a deep connection
to the people and to the city.

00:25:07.506 --> 00:25:10.342
(birds chirping)

00:25:10.342 --> 00:25:15.055
(Setsuko)
I was in Hiroshima until
I graduated from university.

00:25:16.390 --> 00:25:19.226
My third year
at the university,

00:25:19.226 --> 00:25:23.522
I decided to devote
my summer vacation

00:25:23.522 --> 00:25:26.150
for something useful.

00:25:26.150 --> 00:25:27.735
So I traveled

00:25:27.735 --> 00:25:30.195
to an international
Christian work camp

00:25:30.195 --> 00:25:34.700
in small coal mining town.

00:25:34.700 --> 00:25:39.329
They invited university
students and teachers

00:25:39.329 --> 00:25:40.873
from around the world

00:25:40.873 --> 00:25:44.042
to build a community center.

00:25:44.042 --> 00:25:46.962
Every day,
with our own hands,

00:25:46.962 --> 00:25:50.841
we cut the trees,
carried the lumber,

00:25:50.841 --> 00:25:53.343
and mixed the cement.

00:25:53.343 --> 00:25:56.972
At that camp, I did meet Jim.

00:25:56.972 --> 00:26:00.392
(acoustic guitar music)

00:26:00.392 --> 00:26:04.605
He told me
that when he saw me coming in,

00:26:04.605 --> 00:26:08.275
he said, "Hey,
life is looking up."

00:26:08.275 --> 00:26:11.111
He said that to me later.

00:26:11.111 --> 00:26:14.531
I found him attractive
as a human being.

00:26:14.531 --> 00:26:17.493
Very gentle, quiet, caring,

00:26:17.493 --> 00:26:21.121
yet a very steely conviction.

00:26:21.121 --> 00:26:24.708
We got to know each other
very well,

00:26:24.708 --> 00:26:27.461
and we had fun together.

00:26:28.921 --> 00:26:30.589
By the end of the summer,

00:26:30.589 --> 00:26:35.010
he wrote to his parents
in Canada about me.

00:26:35.010 --> 00:26:38.096
They sent a very happy response.

00:26:38.096 --> 00:26:39.598
Well,

00:26:39.598 --> 00:26:43.310
if their son chose the woman,

00:26:43.310 --> 00:26:47.147
she must be a fine person.

00:26:47.147 --> 00:26:51.819
But things didn't work that way
with my family.

00:26:51.819 --> 00:26:54.363
My parents were traditional.

00:26:54.363 --> 00:26:57.533
They just couldn't think
of allowing their daughter

00:26:57.533 --> 00:27:01.662
to be married
to non-Japanese man.

00:27:03.372 --> 00:27:05.123
(Mitchie)
Unlike Setsuko,

00:27:05.123 --> 00:27:06.708
when the time came,

00:27:06.708 --> 00:27:10.420
my mother was destined
for an arranged marriage.

00:27:10.420 --> 00:27:13.423
My grandfather would look
for a good match for her,

00:27:13.423 --> 00:27:18.136
which was still commonly
practiced in Japan at that time.

00:27:18.136 --> 00:27:20.889
But my grandfather was worried.

00:27:20.889 --> 00:27:25.686
There was a stigma associated
with surviving the atomic bomb.

00:27:25.686 --> 00:27:28.856
People believed
that exposure to radiation

00:27:28.856 --> 00:27:32.484
would lead to cancer
and birth defects,

00:27:32.484 --> 00:27:35.946
so my grandfather suggested
that my mother not talk

00:27:35.946 --> 00:27:40.492
about being in the city right
after the bomb was dropped.

00:27:40.492 --> 00:27:44.663
He didn't want her
to have limited options.

00:27:44.663 --> 00:27:48.584
My mother studiously observed
my grandfather's advice,

00:27:48.584 --> 00:27:52.087
and in 1953,
she married my father,

00:27:52.087 --> 00:27:53.630
who was chosen for her

00:27:53.630 --> 00:27:55.674
because he was
a promising surgeon

00:27:55.674 --> 00:27:57.843
and a compassionate man.

00:28:03.724 --> 00:28:06.351
(explosion)

00:28:06.351 --> 00:28:09.897
(Setsuko)
In March 1954,

00:28:09.897 --> 00:28:12.482
United States started testing

00:28:12.482 --> 00:28:17.654
the most powerful hydrogen bomb
up to that date.

00:28:17.654 --> 00:28:23.160
And a Japanese fishing boat
happened to be around.

00:28:23.160 --> 00:28:26.663
All the tuna fish
had to be thrown away,

00:28:26.663 --> 00:28:29.499
and one crew member died.

00:28:29.499 --> 00:28:32.210
That was big news in Japan,

00:28:32.210 --> 00:28:36.256
and overnight
it was the birth in Japan

00:28:36.256 --> 00:28:41.929
of unprecedented
protest movement.

00:28:41.929 --> 00:28:46.725
Imagine, 20 million signatures
were collected

00:28:46.725 --> 00:28:49.561
to abolish nuclear weapons.

00:28:49.561 --> 00:28:51.897
That's huge in number.

00:28:51.897 --> 00:28:53.190
(gentle music)

00:28:53.190 --> 00:28:54.691
At the university,

00:28:54.691 --> 00:28:57.569
I volunteered as an interpreter

00:28:57.569 --> 00:29:01.365
and I met a professor
from Lynchburg College

00:29:01.365 --> 00:29:03.825
in the United States.

00:29:03.825 --> 00:29:09.164
So I had the opportunity
to receive the scholarship.

00:29:09.164 --> 00:29:11.208
I wanted to be social worker.

00:29:11.208 --> 00:29:15.295
Japan didn't have
appropriate training program.

00:29:15.295 --> 00:29:18.423
So after careful consideration,

00:29:18.423 --> 00:29:21.718
I decided to leave Japan.

00:29:21.718 --> 00:29:26.390
It was difficult
to be away from Jim.

00:29:26.390 --> 00:29:29.768
Jim was still teaching in Japan.

00:29:31.561 --> 00:29:34.648
A couple days
after my arrival,

00:29:34.648 --> 00:29:37.609
there was a press conference,

00:29:37.609 --> 00:29:40.654
because they never had
Japanese student

00:29:40.654 --> 00:29:43.198
in that college town.

00:29:43.198 --> 00:29:46.576
The first question was
about what happened

00:29:46.576 --> 00:29:48.537
at the Bikini Atoll.

00:29:48.537 --> 00:29:50.539
They wanted my thought,

00:29:50.539 --> 00:29:53.000
and my opinion was,

00:29:53.000 --> 00:29:56.962
they simply have to stop
that kind of testing.

00:29:56.962 --> 00:30:00.757
And next day, I started
receiving the hate letters,

00:30:00.757 --> 00:30:02.843
unsigned letters.

00:30:02.843 --> 00:30:04.803
They're telling me, "Go home."

00:30:04.803 --> 00:30:08.557
I can't go home;
I just came here.

00:30:08.557 --> 00:30:12.686
It was a temptation
to shut my mouth.

00:30:12.686 --> 00:30:15.063
No. That's not the way
I want to live.

00:30:15.063 --> 00:30:21.194
I want to be honest
with my experience, integrity.

00:30:21.194 --> 00:30:23.780
It was a very lonely time.

00:30:25.490 --> 00:30:26.992
A year later,

00:30:26.992 --> 00:30:29.953
Jim's teaching contract was up.

00:30:29.953 --> 00:30:31.288
By that time,

00:30:31.288 --> 00:30:34.875
my parents gave us consent.

00:30:34.875 --> 00:30:37.127
I was studying in Virginia,

00:30:37.127 --> 00:30:38.837
but we learned

00:30:38.837 --> 00:30:45.427
that a person
with a darker color of skin

00:30:45.427 --> 00:30:51.475
was not eligible for marriage
to a white man

00:30:51.475 --> 00:30:52.726
in Virginia.

00:30:54.394 --> 00:30:59.024
So we went to Washington, D.C.

00:30:59.024 --> 00:31:06.073
Jim's parents and brother
traveled down from Canada.

00:31:06.073 --> 00:31:09.618
That was
a tremendous experience.

00:31:11.870 --> 00:31:13.330
To my surprise,

00:31:13.330 --> 00:31:17.667
my own church minister,
Mr. Tanimoto, showed up.

00:31:17.667 --> 00:31:19.419
He was in Washington

00:31:19.419 --> 00:31:24.508
because he was bringing
25 Hiroshima Maidens,

00:31:24.508 --> 00:31:28.637
the girls who were badly
disfigured by the burns,

00:31:28.637 --> 00:31:31.973
to Mount Sinai Hospital.

00:31:31.973 --> 00:31:34.351
Scars all over their face.

00:31:34.351 --> 00:31:37.104
That's a disaster
for young girls

00:31:37.104 --> 00:31:39.439
in marriageable age.

00:31:39.439 --> 00:31:41.483
They couldn't appear in public,

00:31:41.483 --> 00:31:43.110
they hid themselves,

00:31:43.110 --> 00:31:46.863
and discrimination
was a real issue.

00:31:46.863 --> 00:31:50.367
So he was in Washington
to assist those girls,

00:31:50.367 --> 00:31:53.537
so he decided to attend.

00:31:53.537 --> 00:31:57.040
Imagine, my own minister
from Hiroshima

00:31:57.040 --> 00:32:00.210
jointly officiated the wedding.

00:32:00.210 --> 00:32:03.046
It was very nice.

00:32:03.046 --> 00:32:07.384
After the wedding,
Jim and I moved to Canada,

00:32:07.384 --> 00:32:11.221
and our student life
started again.

00:32:11.221 --> 00:32:16.309
We were poor students
in a basement apartment.

00:32:16.309 --> 00:32:19.146
It was painfully difficult.

00:32:19.146 --> 00:32:21.481
But I hid my tears.

00:32:21.481 --> 00:32:23.817
I didn't want to hurt Jim.

00:32:23.817 --> 00:32:29.489
Such poverty was not part
of my notion of marriage,

00:32:29.489 --> 00:32:34.911
and I could never tell him
how the situation upset me.

00:32:34.911 --> 00:32:38.790
I completed my graduate work
in social work

00:32:38.790 --> 00:32:41.126
at University of Toronto.

00:32:41.126 --> 00:32:43.003
Jim was teaching,

00:32:43.003 --> 00:32:48.508
and the way we lived
was getting better.

00:32:48.508 --> 00:32:53.305
And then one day,
I learned that I was pregnant.

00:32:54.764 --> 00:32:58.059
That was a frightening time
for me.

00:32:58.059 --> 00:33:01.062
Would I have...

00:33:01.062 --> 00:33:02.772
deformed babies?

00:33:03.732 --> 00:33:06.735
That was a real concern I had.

00:33:06.735 --> 00:33:12.365
Some women who were pregnant
at that time did.

00:33:12.365 --> 00:33:15.577
I called Hiroshima
Atomic Bomb Hospital

00:33:15.577 --> 00:33:17.746
and consulted with a doctor.

00:33:17.746 --> 00:33:20.248
She said,
we just have to take a chance.

00:33:20.248 --> 00:33:21.416
(soft piano music)

00:33:21.416 --> 00:33:23.627
I was fortunate.

00:33:23.627 --> 00:33:26.630
I had two sons,

00:33:26.630 --> 00:33:29.090
healthy babies.

00:33:29.090 --> 00:33:32.260
I just count the blessing
each day.

00:33:33.762 --> 00:33:35.222
(giggling)

00:33:35.222 --> 00:33:37.307
We settled in Toronto,

00:33:37.307 --> 00:33:41.144
and my main job
was to raise the children.

00:33:41.144 --> 00:33:45.065
Very domesticated life.

00:33:45.065 --> 00:33:48.693
My father was
a high school history teacher.

00:33:48.693 --> 00:33:52.155
We often went on long trips,
especially in Europe.

00:33:52.155 --> 00:33:56.243
He was always able
to make it interesting.

00:33:56.243 --> 00:34:00.121
(Setsuko)
Traveling with Jim
is wonderful.

00:34:00.121 --> 00:34:04.042
We enjoyed discussing
current issues,

00:34:04.042 --> 00:34:06.336
and I learned a lot.

00:34:09.256 --> 00:34:11.216
I have to organize this.

00:34:11.216 --> 00:34:14.094
(soft music)

00:34:14.094 --> 00:34:17.430
-This is gorgeous.
-Oh, that's in Paris.

00:34:18.473 --> 00:34:20.725
This is my father.

00:34:20.725 --> 00:34:24.062
He went to Northern California,

00:34:24.062 --> 00:34:26.231
made money, and went back.

00:34:27.607 --> 00:34:31.987
My family was
old samurai family,

00:34:31.987 --> 00:34:36.032
and they had
the highest status.

00:34:36.032 --> 00:34:38.994
I'm the youngest
of the seven children,

00:34:38.994 --> 00:34:41.454
privileged life, I should say.

00:34:42.622 --> 00:34:46.376
So when I started taking
social work lessons,

00:34:46.376 --> 00:34:49.296
I really didn't realize
until then

00:34:49.296 --> 00:34:52.590
I was so class prejudiced.

00:34:52.590 --> 00:34:55.719
I was looking down
on the people

00:34:55.719 --> 00:34:57.679
who didn't have as much.

00:34:57.679 --> 00:35:00.223
That was a real struggle for me,

00:35:00.223 --> 00:35:04.936
to learn to accept human beings
regardless of background.

00:35:07.147 --> 00:35:08.648
This is Ayako.

00:35:08.648 --> 00:35:11.401
She was my favorite sister.

00:35:11.401 --> 00:35:12.986
She was a funny woman.

00:35:12.986 --> 00:35:14.863
She was in the States.

00:35:14.863 --> 00:35:16.531
After she came
back to Hiroshima,

00:35:16.531 --> 00:35:19.701
she dressed like
an American woman,

00:35:19.701 --> 00:35:23.330
and I just watched everything
my sister did.

00:35:23.330 --> 00:35:24.622
(somber music)

00:35:24.622 --> 00:35:27.459
She died in the atomic bombing.

00:35:29.169 --> 00:35:31.963
My sister
and her four-year-old child

00:35:31.963 --> 00:35:33.882
were in the center
part of the city,

00:35:33.882 --> 00:35:37.594
so they were burned
beyond recognition.

00:35:37.594 --> 00:35:42.182
Their bodies were twice
larger than normal.

00:35:44.184 --> 00:35:47.687
We could identify them
by their voice,

00:35:47.687 --> 00:35:51.024
by the special hairpin
she had in her hair.

00:35:52.525 --> 00:35:57.155
And they just kept on asking
for water.

00:35:57.155 --> 00:36:02.702
And we had no medication,
no food or anything.

00:36:02.702 --> 00:36:07.290
Um, after several days
of agonizing suffering,

00:36:07.290 --> 00:36:09.751
they finally died.

00:36:10.794 --> 00:36:13.880
When they died,
the soldiers came,

00:36:13.880 --> 00:36:16.299
dug up the hole in the ground,

00:36:16.299 --> 00:36:21.179
threw the dead bodies in there,
poured the gasoline,

00:36:21.179 --> 00:36:24.057
threw the lighted match.

00:36:24.057 --> 00:36:26.351
(fire crackling)

00:36:26.351 --> 00:36:28.895
There I was, 13-year-old girl,

00:36:28.895 --> 00:36:33.066
just standing and my parents
were standing there.

00:36:33.066 --> 00:36:35.819
We just, in a stunned way,

00:36:35.819 --> 00:36:40.281
just kept watching
while they were cremated.

00:36:40.281 --> 00:36:44.244
There was no human dignity
or anything.

00:36:44.244 --> 00:36:49.666
They were just being treated
like insect or animal.

00:36:51.584 --> 00:36:57.173
That memory was
one of the most painful for me.

00:37:01.928 --> 00:37:03.930
(dark music)

00:37:16.401 --> 00:37:18.278
(soft music)

00:37:18.278 --> 00:37:20.947
(Mitchie)
When I was growing up,

00:37:20.947 --> 00:37:24.284
all of us
had a very normal life,

00:37:24.284 --> 00:37:28.246
as if nothing ever happened
in Hiroshima.

00:37:29.622 --> 00:37:31.249
When I was a teenager,

00:37:31.249 --> 00:37:35.044
I really wanted to leave
to go to the United States

00:37:35.044 --> 00:37:37.464
to study psychology,

00:37:37.464 --> 00:37:40.300
and my mother,

00:37:40.300 --> 00:37:42.802
even though she felt
really sad

00:37:42.802 --> 00:37:46.097
about letting me go...

00:37:48.141 --> 00:37:51.060
...she supported me.

00:37:53.146 --> 00:37:55.440
Then, right before I left,

00:37:55.440 --> 00:37:59.944
we discovered that my mother
had a serious heart condition.

00:37:59.944 --> 00:38:02.572
My father changed his mind.

00:38:02.572 --> 00:38:06.326
For my mother's sake,
he did not want me to leave...

00:38:07.535 --> 00:38:10.497
...but she insisted that I go.

00:38:10.497 --> 00:38:13.082
She felt
that she had spent her life

00:38:13.082 --> 00:38:16.377
fulfilling the expectations
of her family.

00:38:16.377 --> 00:38:19.506
She wanted me to follow
my own desires

00:38:19.506 --> 00:38:23.510
and make my own life
for myself.

00:38:23.510 --> 00:38:28.598
She wanted to live
her life through me,

00:38:28.598 --> 00:38:30.642
in some ways.

00:38:31.893 --> 00:38:35.188
I really wanted to try
my young adult life

00:38:35.188 --> 00:38:36.606
in New York City,

00:38:36.606 --> 00:38:39.526
which represented to me
the freedom

00:38:39.526 --> 00:38:43.238
to pursue anything
that I set my mind to.

00:38:45.240 --> 00:38:47.242
(soft piano music)

00:38:48.910 --> 00:38:53.498
(Setsuko)
1975 was the 30th anniversary

00:38:53.498 --> 00:38:55.959
of Hiroshima-Nagasaki.

00:38:55.959 --> 00:38:59.295
There were commemorative events
in Japan,

00:38:59.295 --> 00:39:02.632
but in United States and Canada,

00:39:02.632 --> 00:39:06.553
those special days was ignored.

00:39:06.553 --> 00:39:09.764
I thought,
"We have to break the silence.

00:39:09.764 --> 00:39:13.518
We have to make
this issue visible."

00:39:13.518 --> 00:39:17.522
I thought,
photographic exhibition.

00:39:17.522 --> 00:39:22.318
I asked the mayors
in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

00:39:22.318 --> 00:39:25.738
They started sending me
all these materials.

00:39:25.738 --> 00:39:29.284
(soft music)

00:39:29.284 --> 00:39:31.327
So we had this presentation

00:39:31.327 --> 00:39:34.163
at the University of Toronto,

00:39:34.163 --> 00:39:37.041
and that was the birth
of the organization.

00:39:37.041 --> 00:39:41.045
The organization was called
Hiroshima-Nagasaki Relived.

00:39:41.045 --> 00:39:44.299
The intent was
to provide general education

00:39:44.299 --> 00:39:46.259
on the threat
of nuclear weapons

00:39:46.259 --> 00:39:49.012
and nuclear war.

00:39:49.012 --> 00:39:52.932
(Joe)
I remember Jim and Setsuko
speaking at Quaker House

00:39:52.932 --> 00:39:54.601
here in the city of Toronto,

00:39:54.601 --> 00:39:57.729
and they were
so gentle with each other

00:39:57.729 --> 00:40:01.190
and yet so clear
and so unambiguous

00:40:01.190 --> 00:40:06.154
about their commitment
to peace and justice issues

00:40:06.154 --> 00:40:07.989
confronting our world.

00:40:07.989 --> 00:40:12.285
(Setsuko)
We started going to schools
as speakers.

00:40:12.285 --> 00:40:17.707
We organized marches, lectures.

00:40:17.707 --> 00:40:19.459
I didn't realize

00:40:19.459 --> 00:40:24.130
how hard it's going to be
to go public.

00:40:24.130 --> 00:40:26.299
It was really painful

00:40:26.299 --> 00:40:30.970
to talk about
my survivor experience.

00:40:30.970 --> 00:40:34.474
Press are not always
very sensitive.

00:40:34.474 --> 00:40:37.393
They can be rude, hurtful.

00:40:37.393 --> 00:40:38.394
"Where were you?

00:40:38.394 --> 00:40:40.104
How old were you?"

00:40:40.104 --> 00:40:42.023
Very superficial

00:40:42.023 --> 00:40:46.194
so-called
"human interest story."

00:40:46.194 --> 00:40:48.404
I felt very strongly,

00:40:48.404 --> 00:40:53.701
I did not wish
just to talk about suffering.

00:40:53.701 --> 00:40:56.245
What I really wanted them
to write about

00:40:56.245 --> 00:40:58.957
was this nuclear arms race

00:40:58.957 --> 00:41:01.834
and what change
needs to take place

00:41:01.834 --> 00:41:04.587
in policy making.

00:41:04.587 --> 00:41:07.632
I'm not interested in sympathy.

00:41:07.632 --> 00:41:09.342
I want your commitment.

00:41:09.342 --> 00:41:10.718
I want your action.

00:41:10.718 --> 00:41:15.014
That's why I'm still speaking
about this.

00:41:15.014 --> 00:41:18.142
I've called for
whatever it takes

00:41:18.142 --> 00:41:21.104
to be strong enough
that no other nation on Earth

00:41:21.104 --> 00:41:23.272
will dare violate the peace.

00:41:23.272 --> 00:41:24.691
(applause)

00:41:24.691 --> 00:41:28.152
(Joe)
Ronald Reagan
got to power in 1980.

00:41:28.152 --> 00:41:30.571
Reagan's policy
was the United States

00:41:30.571 --> 00:41:33.116
could actually fight and win
a nuclear war,

00:41:33.116 --> 00:41:38.037
and so the arms race was given
a fresh start at that time.

00:41:38.037 --> 00:41:40.915
We're already in an arms race.

00:41:40.915 --> 00:41:45.169
A global peace movement
just erupted.

00:41:45.169 --> 00:41:47.755
There were tens of thousands,
even hundreds of thousands,

00:41:47.755 --> 00:41:51.426
and in some places,
millions of people rallying.

00:41:51.426 --> 00:41:54.804
Setsuko and Jim were
very active here in Toronto.

00:41:54.804 --> 00:41:57.265
We would demonstrate
along Yonge Street

00:41:57.265 --> 00:41:58.433
or University Avenue

00:41:58.433 --> 00:41:59.892
or go out
to one of the factories

00:41:59.892 --> 00:42:03.271
that was producing parts
for the cruise missile.

00:42:03.271 --> 00:42:06.024
(intense music)

00:42:06.024 --> 00:42:09.193
(Setsuko)
I remember 1982,

00:42:09.193 --> 00:42:12.613
one million people
came to New York.

00:42:12.613 --> 00:42:17.034
We walked together through
the streets of Manhattan.

00:42:17.034 --> 00:42:20.788
We ended up at Central Park.

00:42:20.788 --> 00:42:23.833
We couldn't even get in,
it was so packed.

00:42:23.833 --> 00:42:27.378
That was an amazing experience.

00:42:27.378 --> 00:42:30.590
(Joe)
We had busloads of Canadians
going down there.

00:42:30.590 --> 00:42:32.133
Rome had a million.

00:42:32.133 --> 00:42:33.384
London had a million.

00:42:33.384 --> 00:42:35.094
Berlin had half a million.

00:42:35.094 --> 00:42:38.431
It was just unbelievable
global effort.

00:42:38.431 --> 00:42:40.850
(Eric)
In 1982, in Central Park,

00:42:40.850 --> 00:42:43.478
at that time was the largest
political demonstration

00:42:43.478 --> 00:42:45.188
in American history.

00:42:45.188 --> 00:42:47.815
And Ronald Reagan
took notice of it,

00:42:47.815 --> 00:42:52.445
and the worldwide revulsion
towards nuclear weapons

00:42:52.445 --> 00:42:54.238
is what empowered
Ronald Reagan

00:42:54.238 --> 00:42:55.865
and Mikhail Gorbachev

00:42:55.865 --> 00:42:58.242
to seriously discuss
at Reykjavik

00:42:58.242 --> 00:43:00.203
abolishing nuclear weapons.

00:43:02.371 --> 00:43:04.457
(Setsuko)
In 1984,

00:43:04.457 --> 00:43:09.420
we got involved with the opening
of the Peace Garden.

00:43:09.420 --> 00:43:12.423
(Joe)
This Peace Garden to this day
really is an important symbol

00:43:12.423 --> 00:43:16.177
of what Toronto tries to be
in its best moments.

00:43:16.177 --> 00:43:21.307
This is Prime Minister Trudeau
ground-breaking ceremony.

00:43:21.307 --> 00:43:22.975
The idea was,

00:43:22.975 --> 00:43:27.855
in order to memorialize
the spirit of Hiroshima,

00:43:27.855 --> 00:43:29.357
a flame of peace

00:43:29.357 --> 00:43:32.151
would be brought
from Hiroshima Peace Garden

00:43:32.151 --> 00:43:36.823
and water
from the river in Nagasaki.

00:43:36.823 --> 00:43:39.575
It became a very big thing.

00:43:39.575 --> 00:43:43.746
We asked the Pope to come
give us the official blessing.

00:43:43.746 --> 00:43:46.624
(crowd roaring)

00:43:46.624 --> 00:43:50.086
(applause, cheers)

00:43:50.086 --> 00:43:54.048
The Pope put my hands
into his palm

00:43:54.048 --> 00:43:57.051
and said a prayer
for those who perished

00:43:57.051 --> 00:43:58.845
in Hiroshima and Nagasaki,

00:43:58.845 --> 00:44:01.889
and for those who survived.

00:44:01.889 --> 00:44:05.935
Queen Elizabeth came
a couple months later.

00:44:05.935 --> 00:44:09.647
We all long for lasting
international peace.

00:44:09.647 --> 00:44:11.023
When man is...

00:44:11.023 --> 00:44:13.067
(Setsuko)
It was a great event
for our goal--

00:44:13.067 --> 00:44:16.904
that is, the abolition
of nuclear weapons.

00:44:16.904 --> 00:44:19.574
(Andrew)
Being a survivor
certainly gave my mother

00:44:19.574 --> 00:44:22.201
a lot of instant credibility.

00:44:22.201 --> 00:44:24.912
That made her somebody
who was in demand.

00:44:24.912 --> 00:44:26.873
She had a message to deliver

00:44:26.873 --> 00:44:29.750
and the eloquence
and the background

00:44:29.750 --> 00:44:31.586
and the knowledge
to deliver it.

00:44:31.586 --> 00:44:35.923
Every speech I gave,
Jim checked.

00:44:35.923 --> 00:44:39.176
Jim and I shared the ideals,

00:44:39.176 --> 00:44:45.099
and he gave all the energy
and time and help I needed.

00:44:45.099 --> 00:44:49.145
But there were many moments
when I couldn't take it

00:44:49.145 --> 00:44:50.396
emotionally.

00:44:51.939 --> 00:44:56.444
Sometimes, writing speeches
late at night,

00:44:56.444 --> 00:45:00.197
I just start
uncontrollable sobbing.

00:45:00.197 --> 00:45:04.869
The only person
who has seen me do that is Jim.

00:45:04.869 --> 00:45:06.245
(gentle music)

00:45:06.245 --> 00:45:09.207
I just couldn't have coped
by myself.

00:45:10.207 --> 00:45:13.794
He was always there for me.

00:45:16.631 --> 00:45:19.842
(Mitchie)
As I traveled with Setsuko
to various events

00:45:19.842 --> 00:45:22.553
and met many other activists,

00:45:22.553 --> 00:45:25.139
I was struck
by what a significant role

00:45:25.139 --> 00:45:26.515
doctors have played

00:45:26.515 --> 00:45:30.728
in the movement
to stop the nuclear arms race.

00:45:30.728 --> 00:45:34.440
I can only imagine
how frustrating and infuriating

00:45:34.440 --> 00:45:37.109
it must have been
for my grandfather.

00:45:37.109 --> 00:45:41.155
He was on the front line of
this first atomic devastation

00:45:41.155 --> 00:45:44.992
and was unable to treat
the streaming masses of victims

00:45:44.992 --> 00:45:48.704
after the bomb was dropped.

00:45:48.704 --> 00:45:51.874
(Josefin)
Physicians have been involved
in nuclear disarmament

00:45:51.874 --> 00:45:53.501
for many years.

00:45:53.501 --> 00:45:56.712
In the '80s, they realized
that, as a physician,

00:45:56.712 --> 00:45:59.966
they had no power
to do anything

00:45:59.966 --> 00:46:02.927
if a nuclear war would happen.

00:46:02.927 --> 00:46:08.516
So the only option for them
was to prevent nuclear war.

00:46:08.516 --> 00:46:10.893
They started to organize.

00:46:10.893 --> 00:46:13.729
International Physicians for
the Prevention of Nuclear War

00:46:13.729 --> 00:46:15.523
was founded.

00:46:15.523 --> 00:46:19.276
(Eric)
The antinuclear movement was
extraordinarily effective

00:46:19.276 --> 00:46:21.529
30, 35 years ago,

00:46:21.529 --> 00:46:23.739
but people assume
that the threat went away

00:46:23.739 --> 00:46:25.616
when the Cold War ended.

00:46:25.616 --> 00:46:27.702
(cheering)

00:46:27.702 --> 00:46:29.245
(hammers clinking)

00:46:29.245 --> 00:46:31.747
(Josefin)
In 1989, the Berlin Wall fell

00:46:31.747 --> 00:46:35.001
and everyone thought
that nuclear weapons

00:46:35.001 --> 00:46:37.211
would just disappear
and solve itself,

00:46:37.211 --> 00:46:39.755
so engagement
in nuclear disarmament

00:46:39.755 --> 00:46:43.342
-lost its force.
-After the Cold War,

00:46:43.342 --> 00:46:45.219
enormous progress was made

00:46:45.219 --> 00:46:46.929
between the United States
and Russia,

00:46:46.929 --> 00:46:49.348
reducing the sizes
of their arsenals

00:46:49.348 --> 00:46:52.935
by 80, 85% since their peak.

00:46:52.935 --> 00:46:56.522
The nuclear issue
was essentially forgotten.

00:46:56.522 --> 00:46:59.567
(announcer)
As the United States meets
treaty obligations

00:46:59.567 --> 00:47:01.694
by making significant reductions

00:47:01.694 --> 00:47:03.779
in its nuclear weapons
stockpile,

00:47:03.779 --> 00:47:06.157
disassembly
and disposal operations

00:47:06.157 --> 00:47:08.117
are taking place.

00:47:08.117 --> 00:47:09.535
(Setsuko)
The general public,

00:47:09.535 --> 00:47:13.330
when the Cold War ended,
they went back to sleep,

00:47:13.330 --> 00:47:16.542
thinking the problem
disappeared.

00:47:16.542 --> 00:47:19.587
I did continue my activism,

00:47:19.587 --> 00:47:23.174
but in those days,
I spent most of my energy

00:47:23.174 --> 00:47:27.178
as a social worker,
and also

00:47:27.178 --> 00:47:32.516
Jim's physical condition
began to deteriorate.

00:47:32.516 --> 00:47:33.684
(gentle piano music)

00:47:33.684 --> 00:47:36.103
-That's pretty, isn't it?
-Yeah.

00:47:36.103 --> 00:47:38.814
(Andrew)
Mid-'90s, he had
his bypass surgery.

00:47:38.814 --> 00:47:42.193
Gradually, at that point,
he was becoming weaker.

00:47:42.193 --> 00:47:44.653
He was still able to help
with her speeches,

00:47:44.653 --> 00:47:47.948
but he wasn't able
to travel with her.

00:47:47.948 --> 00:47:51.577
But he certainly encouraged her
not to slow down.

00:47:51.577 --> 00:47:53.412
He said to her
that she's gonna have to work

00:47:53.412 --> 00:47:56.165
for both of them.

00:47:56.165 --> 00:48:00.127
(Setsuko)
I became involved more
on an international level.

00:48:00.127 --> 00:48:04.423
I was invited to participate
in the Peace Boat,

00:48:04.423 --> 00:48:06.383
to go around the world

00:48:06.383 --> 00:48:10.221
and help spread
the message of peace

00:48:10.221 --> 00:48:14.850
with 100 survivors
from Hiroshima-Nagasaki.

00:48:14.850 --> 00:48:17.645
I hesitated to accept it.

00:48:17.645 --> 00:48:22.316
There were some health concerns
about Jim.

00:48:22.316 --> 00:48:24.485
(Kathleen Sullivan)
When Setsuko was
on the global voyage,

00:48:24.485 --> 00:48:27.571
Jim was not well, she was
looking after him at home,

00:48:27.571 --> 00:48:31.575
and he went
into a nursing facility

00:48:31.575 --> 00:48:34.495
for those three months.

00:48:34.495 --> 00:48:36.664
He understood
the importance of her work

00:48:36.664 --> 00:48:38.124
as a disarmament activist

00:48:38.124 --> 00:48:39.625
from the moment he met her

00:48:39.625 --> 00:48:42.336
and supported her
100% of the way.

00:48:42.336 --> 00:48:47.299
So, they had
a real deep partnership.

00:48:47.299 --> 00:48:50.469
The ship arrived in Tahiti,

00:48:50.469 --> 00:48:54.932
and Jim's health had hit
a bump in the road,

00:48:54.932 --> 00:48:59.687
and she said, "I'm outta here,
I gotta go back to Canada

00:48:59.687 --> 00:49:01.856
and be with my husband."

00:49:01.856 --> 00:49:07.278
(Setsuko)
I flew home just in time
for his birthday.

00:49:07.278 --> 00:49:12.199
I must admit,
I had some sense of regret

00:49:12.199 --> 00:49:18.122
that I took a lot of time away
from my husband.

00:49:18.122 --> 00:49:20.749
When he retired,

00:49:20.749 --> 00:49:22.877
we wanted to write together,

00:49:22.877 --> 00:49:24.962
and he waited for me too long,

00:49:24.962 --> 00:49:29.133
and I feel guilty
that I made him wait.

00:49:29.133 --> 00:49:33.637
You know, even after I retired,
I had so much to do.

00:49:33.637 --> 00:49:37.808
So we could have started
a new chapter with him,

00:49:37.808 --> 00:49:43.189
but that chapter never came,
and I feel guilty about that.

00:49:43.189 --> 00:49:47.067
(soft music)

00:49:47.067 --> 00:49:51.071
Jim and I shared 56 years.

00:49:52.573 --> 00:49:56.076
What you call it? Soulmate?

00:49:56.076 --> 00:50:01.290
So you can imagine the void
I felt when he passed.

00:50:19.141 --> 00:50:22.061
(Mitchie)
As long as I lived
in the United States,

00:50:22.061 --> 00:50:26.106
I carried a sense of guilt
about leaving my mother.

00:50:26.106 --> 00:50:31.070
In 2007, when I learned
that she had pancreatic cancer

00:50:31.070 --> 00:50:33.572
and only a few months to live,

00:50:33.572 --> 00:50:38.410
I decided to go home
to be with her till the end.

00:50:38.410 --> 00:50:42.706
(Kathleen Lawand)
We know today that those
who were exposed to radiation

00:50:42.706 --> 00:50:45.251
after the atomic bombs
were used

00:50:45.251 --> 00:50:47.002
in Hiroshima and Nagasaki,

00:50:47.002 --> 00:50:49.171
and in fact,
their children as well,

00:50:49.171 --> 00:50:52.341
suffer from cancer rates

00:50:52.341 --> 00:50:55.511
that are far higher than
the general population,

00:50:55.511 --> 00:50:57.846
and so this is
the continued impact

00:50:57.846 --> 00:51:01.016
of those bombs
70-plus years on.

00:51:02.726 --> 00:51:05.896
(Mitchie)
My mother was so relieved
that I had no deadline

00:51:05.896 --> 00:51:08.816
to return to New York City.

00:51:08.816 --> 00:51:13.529
One day, I apologized to her
for moving so far away.

00:51:13.529 --> 00:51:17.199
She said,
"Oh, Michan, don't cry.

00:51:17.199 --> 00:51:19.994
That happened many years ago.

00:51:19.994 --> 00:51:22.204
I was happy
that you got to pursue

00:51:22.204 --> 00:51:25.082
the life you wanted."

00:51:25.082 --> 00:51:29.211
Those last days together
were very special for us.

00:51:29.211 --> 00:51:32.965
I had so many questions
that I wanted to ask her,

00:51:32.965 --> 00:51:35.884
but she was getting
weaker and weaker.

00:51:36.885 --> 00:51:39.388
I had missed my chance.

00:51:39.388 --> 00:51:42.599
My questions
would never be answered.

00:51:46.562 --> 00:51:49.815
I have witnessed
hell on Earth,

00:51:49.815 --> 00:51:54.361
but the horrible
catastrophic destruction

00:51:54.361 --> 00:51:59.491
was caused
by a very primitive bomb.

00:52:00.951 --> 00:52:04.121
Over the past 70 years,

00:52:04.121 --> 00:52:07.875
the world kept on
piling up nuclear weapons.

00:52:09.001 --> 00:52:11.795
16,000 of them,

00:52:11.795 --> 00:52:13.672
and a lot more powerful.

00:52:13.672 --> 00:52:16.759
(rockets roaring)

00:52:16.759 --> 00:52:20.095
Nuclear weapons
are viewed as a status symbol.

00:52:20.095 --> 00:52:23.015
They should be seen
as badges of shame,

00:52:23.015 --> 00:52:24.808
as the markers of rogue nations

00:52:24.808 --> 00:52:28.520
who are putting
the entire world at risk.

00:52:28.520 --> 00:52:30.522
(Setsuko)
And some people think
it's a good thing

00:52:30.522 --> 00:52:33.692
to have that dangerous,
powerful nuclear weapon,

00:52:33.692 --> 00:52:38.030
because we can use them
as deterrence.

00:52:38.030 --> 00:52:44.203
And that argument is
totally illusion and delusion.

00:52:44.203 --> 00:52:47.956
And when you look very closely
at what deterrence is,

00:52:47.956 --> 00:52:50.292
it's the threat to annihilate

00:52:50.292 --> 00:52:54.671
millions and millions
of innocent civilians.

00:52:54.671 --> 00:52:57.549
Deterrence could fail
an hour from now

00:52:57.549 --> 00:53:01.762
simply because a leader decides
to use nuclear weapons.

00:53:01.762 --> 00:53:04.223
The threat in many ways
is the greatest it's been

00:53:04.223 --> 00:53:06.392
in decades.

00:53:06.392 --> 00:53:09.353
(Setsuko)
If we start using those weapons,

00:53:09.353 --> 00:53:14.233
it certainly is going to be
the end of the world,

00:53:14.233 --> 00:53:17.653
end of the civilization,

00:53:17.653 --> 00:53:20.364
the destruction of the planet.

00:53:20.364 --> 00:53:22.408
I can't stand that very thought.

00:53:22.408 --> 00:53:23.700
Can you?

00:53:26.453 --> 00:53:28.414
We either get rid
of these weapons

00:53:28.414 --> 00:53:30.749
or they will be used.

00:53:30.749 --> 00:53:32.918
So, about 10 years ago,

00:53:32.918 --> 00:53:34.753
we formed
an umbrella group called

00:53:34.753 --> 00:53:37.923
the International Campaign
to Abolish Nuclear Weapons.

00:53:37.923 --> 00:53:39.550
(Beatrice)
ICAN was founded

00:53:39.550 --> 00:53:42.219
to broaden our movement

00:53:42.219 --> 00:53:44.430
to include new actors,

00:53:44.430 --> 00:53:46.223
bringing younger people.

00:53:46.223 --> 00:53:48.392
On the staff,
we're just a few people.

00:53:48.392 --> 00:53:49.935
We're not the campaign.

00:53:49.935 --> 00:53:52.688
It's the partner organizations.

00:53:52.688 --> 00:53:56.775
We have 468 organizations

00:53:56.775 --> 00:53:58.861
associated with ICAN right now.

00:53:58.861 --> 00:54:00.237
It's in about 100 countries.

00:54:00.237 --> 00:54:03.407
It's really
a bottom-up campaign.

00:54:03.407 --> 00:54:07.327
Most of the groups
are from the grass roots.

00:54:07.327 --> 00:54:10.914
(Setsuko)
I was so delighted
that young people

00:54:10.914 --> 00:54:15.752
provided the major leadership
in that organization.

00:54:15.752 --> 00:54:18.839
That was something
I never experienced.

00:54:18.839 --> 00:54:20.841
(uplifting music)

00:54:20.841 --> 00:54:23.093
(Ira)
This campaign began
to attract the attention

00:54:23.093 --> 00:54:24.887
of a number of governments
around the world

00:54:24.887 --> 00:54:28.390
and began a series
of international conferences

00:54:28.390 --> 00:54:31.977
on the humanitarian
impact of nuclear war.

00:54:31.977 --> 00:54:35.355
(Tim)
The conferences
really put the focus on

00:54:35.355 --> 00:54:37.357
what these weapons
do to people,

00:54:37.357 --> 00:54:40.486
and this was strangely absent

00:54:40.486 --> 00:54:41.820
from so many discussions

00:54:41.820 --> 00:54:46.116
on nuclear disarmament
previously.

00:54:46.116 --> 00:54:48.243
(Mitchie)
Setsuko was thrust
onto the world stage

00:54:48.243 --> 00:54:50.412
at the Vienna Conference.

00:54:50.412 --> 00:54:53.499
I had heard
her testimony many times,

00:54:53.499 --> 00:54:54.791
but it was here

00:54:54.791 --> 00:54:57.169
that I saw
her tremendous impact

00:54:57.169 --> 00:55:00.964
on the global debate
about nuclear weapons.

00:55:00.964 --> 00:55:04.176
(soft instrumental music)

00:55:04.176 --> 00:55:06.345
(Setsuko)
So, have a good look.

00:55:06.345 --> 00:55:09.014
Here are 351

00:55:09.014 --> 00:55:11.683
schoolmates of mine.

00:55:11.683 --> 00:55:14.311
Each one had a life,

00:55:14.311 --> 00:55:18.023
had a name, and was loved.

00:55:18.023 --> 00:55:20.442
Until recently,
we have been talking

00:55:20.442 --> 00:55:24.488
about military deterrence
and balance of power,

00:55:24.488 --> 00:55:26.281
and I am relieved,

00:55:26.281 --> 00:55:29.535
finally, we are talking
about human beings,

00:55:29.535 --> 00:55:33.205
what the nuclear weapons
do to human beings.

00:55:33.205 --> 00:55:36.875
All these friends
of mine are gone.

00:55:36.875 --> 00:55:41.129
They're wiped out
from the face of the planet.

00:55:41.129 --> 00:55:44.550
This is something
we want to prevent.

00:55:44.550 --> 00:55:46.718
We have to stop it,
we have to...

00:55:46.718 --> 00:55:49.888
(Tim)
One of the things
that I admire about Setsuko

00:55:49.888 --> 00:55:51.848
is her fearlessness,

00:55:51.848 --> 00:55:54.101
the fact that she's willing

00:55:54.101 --> 00:55:57.312
to really speak truth to power.

00:55:57.312 --> 00:56:00.732
(Kathleen Sullivan)
In Vienna,
the Japanese ambassador

00:56:00.732 --> 00:56:02.568
said something
along the lines of,

00:56:02.568 --> 00:56:04.278
"Let's not be
so pessimistic

00:56:04.278 --> 00:56:09.032
about how we might
respond to a nuclear attack,"

00:56:09.032 --> 00:56:12.077
and Setsuko was like,
"I can't believe he said that."

00:56:12.077 --> 00:56:16.373
She went over and said,
as a survivor of Hiroshima,

00:56:16.373 --> 00:56:18.834
that opinion
was very offensive to her.

00:56:18.834 --> 00:56:23.088
Really putting it to him
in no uncertain terms.

00:56:23.088 --> 00:56:25.382
She essentially said,

00:56:25.382 --> 00:56:29.344
"You cannot talk
about survivability

00:56:29.344 --> 00:56:31.597
or, quote, 'pessimism,'

00:56:31.597 --> 00:56:36.310
around what these
nuclear weapons can do,"

00:56:36.310 --> 00:56:38.270
and boy, was her picture
on the front page

00:56:38.270 --> 00:56:41.315
in Japan that next morning.

00:56:41.315 --> 00:56:45.068
(Akira)
Because Setsuko
was so strong and powerful,

00:56:45.068 --> 00:56:47.738
many governments
thought that they have

00:56:47.738 --> 00:56:49.531
to do something new,

00:56:49.531 --> 00:56:53.327
and that led
to the Humanitarian Pledge.

00:56:53.327 --> 00:56:55.621
(Steve)
This pledge says
we should have

00:56:55.621 --> 00:56:57.581
some kind of legal instrument

00:56:57.581 --> 00:57:00.167
to make it very clear
to everyone

00:57:00.167 --> 00:57:02.544
that we consider
nuclear weapons illegal.

00:57:02.544 --> 00:57:05.964
This was a hugely
significant moment.

00:57:05.964 --> 00:57:09.926
Country after country adopted
this Humanitarian Pledge

00:57:09.926 --> 00:57:11.928
and expressed their readiness

00:57:11.928 --> 00:57:13.680
to start negotiations

00:57:13.680 --> 00:57:15.641
on a treaty
banning nuclear weapons.

00:57:15.641 --> 00:57:18.644
The only way to guarantee
the security that you all seek

00:57:18.644 --> 00:57:21.229
is through the total
elimination of nuclear weapons

00:57:21.229 --> 00:57:22.939
and their prohibition.

00:57:22.939 --> 00:57:26.234
(Setsuko)
The Humanitarian Pledge
has received

00:57:26.234 --> 00:57:31.865
the signature from 121 nations.

00:57:31.865 --> 00:57:35.202
That is tremendous momentum.

00:57:35.202 --> 00:57:37.329
I feel so empowered,

00:57:37.329 --> 00:57:41.458
so...gratified.

00:57:41.458 --> 00:57:43.502
(Mitchie)
It was during
this trip to Vienna

00:57:43.502 --> 00:57:46.296
that I finally made
my first public speech

00:57:46.296 --> 00:57:48.674
about my grandfather.

00:57:48.674 --> 00:57:51.134
It was in front of 50 delegates

00:57:51.134 --> 00:57:55.222
from the International Red Cross
and Red Crescent movement.

00:57:55.222 --> 00:57:58.725
Setsuko even helped me
to practice my speech.

00:57:58.725 --> 00:58:02.646
I received a warm response
for providing them

00:58:02.646 --> 00:58:05.148
with some of their
missing history.

00:58:07.401 --> 00:58:11.029
After the success
of the Humanitarian Pledge,

00:58:11.029 --> 00:58:13.824
negotiations began
at the United Nations

00:58:13.824 --> 00:58:15.033
on a treaty

00:58:15.033 --> 00:58:19.454
to categorically
prohibit nuclear weapons.

00:58:19.454 --> 00:58:21.790
(indistinct remarks)

00:58:21.790 --> 00:58:23.333
(Kathleen Sullivan)
Right now,

00:58:23.333 --> 00:58:28.004
the antinuclear movement has
an opening like never before.

00:58:28.004 --> 00:58:31.049
ICAN has been working
very closely

00:58:31.049 --> 00:58:33.969
with those governments
that want to see a ban,

00:58:33.969 --> 00:58:36.805
and I believe
that the tide is turning.

00:58:36.805 --> 00:58:39.057
(Beatrice)
When I first heard
the idea about a treaty

00:58:39.057 --> 00:58:41.476
that would be done
without nuclear-armed states,

00:58:41.476 --> 00:58:44.062
I was like, "Nah,
that doesn't sound like

00:58:44.062 --> 00:58:45.439
the right thing to do."

00:58:45.439 --> 00:58:46.857
If the nuclear-armed states
aren't there,

00:58:46.857 --> 00:58:48.650
then what does it mean?

00:58:48.650 --> 00:58:52.112
(Ray)
When we started pursuing
a nuclear weapon ban treaty,

00:58:52.112 --> 00:58:54.823
we were really
looking to the lessons

00:58:54.823 --> 00:58:58.034
that we had learned
from prohibiting landmines

00:58:58.034 --> 00:58:59.661
and cluster bombs.

00:58:59.661 --> 00:59:01.872
We learned that you don't need

00:59:01.872 --> 00:59:04.458
all of the so-called big powers

00:59:04.458 --> 00:59:06.585
to transform international law,

00:59:06.585 --> 00:59:10.297
and to stigmatize these weapons
by outlawing them.

00:59:10.297 --> 00:59:12.591
So we knew going in
we didn't have any

00:59:12.591 --> 00:59:15.177
of the nuclear-armed states
supporting this,

00:59:15.177 --> 00:59:17.387
but it wasn't necessary.

00:59:17.387 --> 00:59:23.351
These countries couldn't control
the discourse anymore.

00:59:23.351 --> 00:59:27.689
(Setsuko)
The world's attention is focused
at the United Nations.

00:59:27.689 --> 00:59:32.903
For the first time in 70 years
of the United Nations' life,

00:59:32.903 --> 00:59:39.367
we had the negotiation
for the ban treaty.

00:59:39.367 --> 00:59:41.661
(Beatrice)
It's tough having
over a hundred countries

00:59:41.661 --> 00:59:44.748
trying to hammer out the text.

00:59:44.748 --> 00:59:47.876
It was a very intensive
lobbying effort going on.

00:59:47.876 --> 00:59:49.169
We were surprised

00:59:49.169 --> 00:59:51.922
with the extremely
aggressive pressure

00:59:51.922 --> 00:59:54.007
from the nuclear-armed states.

00:59:54.007 --> 00:59:55.842
On the opening
of the negotiations,

00:59:55.842 --> 00:59:58.053
quite dramatically,
the U.S. ambassador,

00:59:58.053 --> 01:00:00.138
Nikki Haley,
and some of her allies

01:00:00.138 --> 01:00:03.642
staged a protest
press conference.

01:00:03.642 --> 01:00:05.602
You are gonna see
almost 40 countries

01:00:05.602 --> 01:00:08.313
that are not
in the General Assembly today,

01:00:08.313 --> 01:00:10.607
and that's 40 countries
that are saying,

01:00:10.607 --> 01:00:13.151
"We would love to have
a ban on nuclear treaty--

01:00:13.151 --> 01:00:14.861
on nuclear weapons,

01:00:14.861 --> 01:00:16.571
but we have to be realistic."

01:00:16.571 --> 01:00:18.073
(Beatrice)
It was really
quite a big sign

01:00:18.073 --> 01:00:20.742
that we were on to
something very important,

01:00:20.742 --> 01:00:22.911
if the U.S. government
would have to protest

01:00:22.911 --> 01:00:25.288
outside the negotiating room.

01:00:25.288 --> 01:00:26.706
In this day and time,

01:00:26.706 --> 01:00:29.626
we can't honestly say
that we can protect our people

01:00:29.626 --> 01:00:33.129
by allowing the bad actors
to have them

01:00:33.129 --> 01:00:35.757
and those of us that are good
trying to keep peace and safety

01:00:35.757 --> 01:00:37.342
not to have them.

01:00:37.342 --> 01:00:39.928
(Beatrice)
This is intended
as a distraction.

01:00:39.928 --> 01:00:43.390
I think it's quite unusual
that the U.S. ambassador

01:00:43.390 --> 01:00:46.142
and her colleagues are
standing outside protesting

01:00:46.142 --> 01:00:48.895
while the rest of the world's
inside negotiating.

01:00:48.895 --> 01:00:50.939
Setsuko and the Hibakusha,

01:00:50.939 --> 01:00:52.941
they are the real experts
on nuclear weapons.

01:00:52.941 --> 01:00:55.110
The survivors know more
about nuclear weapons

01:00:55.110 --> 01:00:56.862
than anyone else,

01:00:56.862 --> 01:00:59.155
and they have been
so instrumental

01:00:59.155 --> 01:01:00.991
in the treaty negotiations.

01:01:00.991 --> 01:01:05.245
(Setsuko)
Madam President and delegates,

01:01:05.245 --> 01:01:09.749
whenever I remember Hiroshima,

01:01:09.749 --> 01:01:14.421
the first image
that comes to my mind

01:01:14.421 --> 01:01:18.383
is my four-year-old nephew

01:01:18.383 --> 01:01:20.886
who was transformed

01:01:20.886 --> 01:01:24.306
into an unrecognizable,

01:01:24.306 --> 01:01:26.850
blackened, swollen,

01:01:26.850 --> 01:01:29.436
melted chunk of flesh...

01:01:30.312 --> 01:01:33.356
who kept begging for water

01:01:33.356 --> 01:01:35.775
in a faint voice

01:01:35.775 --> 01:01:41.031
until his death
released him from agony.

01:01:42.699 --> 01:01:45.327
This little boy's image

01:01:45.327 --> 01:01:48.788
has come to represent in my mind

01:01:48.788 --> 01:01:52.000
all the innocent
children of the world,

01:01:52.000 --> 01:01:54.794
threatened as they are

01:01:54.794 --> 01:02:00.383
at this very moment
by nuclear weapons.

01:02:00.383 --> 01:02:02.218
I want you to feel

01:02:02.218 --> 01:02:05.972
the spirit
of the dead witnesses

01:02:05.972 --> 01:02:09.726
from Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

01:02:09.726 --> 01:02:13.063
Please do your job well

01:02:13.063 --> 01:02:19.027
and know
that we Hibakusha, survivors,

01:02:19.027 --> 01:02:23.490
have no doubt
that this treaty

01:02:23.490 --> 01:02:28.536
can and will change the world.

01:02:28.536 --> 01:02:29.913
Thank you.

01:02:29.913 --> 01:02:32.207
(tense music)

01:02:46.137 --> 01:02:50.266
We're on the last leg
of the negotiations.

01:02:50.266 --> 01:02:52.769
The text that we have
is good text.

01:02:52.769 --> 01:02:57.190
It's a categorical prohibition
on nuclear weapons.

01:02:57.190 --> 01:02:59.192
This is a big deal.

01:02:59.192 --> 01:03:03.196
(female delegate)
My delegation requests
a formal recorded vote.

01:03:03.196 --> 01:03:05.657
(indistinct chatter)

01:03:05.657 --> 01:03:08.618
(man)
Oh my God,
they're all green.

01:03:08.618 --> 01:03:10.412
(cheers and applause)

01:03:10.412 --> 01:03:12.747
(Mitchie)
In July 2017,

01:03:12.747 --> 01:03:15.709
the United Nations
voted to adopt

01:03:15.709 --> 01:03:19.754
the Treaty on the Prohibition
of Nuclear Weapons.

01:03:19.754 --> 01:03:24.009
(Setsuko)
I never thought
I would see this moment.

01:03:24.009 --> 01:03:28.763
I've been waiting for this day
for seven decades,

01:03:28.763 --> 01:03:31.558
and I am overjoyed

01:03:31.558 --> 01:03:35.895
that it has finally arrived.

01:03:35.895 --> 01:03:41.276
This is the beginning
of the end of nuclear weapons.

01:03:41.276 --> 01:03:44.320
To the leaders
across the world,

01:03:44.320 --> 01:03:47.407
I beseech you:

01:03:47.407 --> 01:03:50.952
If you love this planet,

01:03:50.952 --> 01:03:54.539
you will sign this treaty.

01:03:54.539 --> 01:03:58.334
Nuclear weapon
has always been immoral.

01:03:59.794 --> 01:04:02.589
Now they're also illegal.

01:04:02.589 --> 01:04:05.050
(cheers and applause)

01:04:05.050 --> 01:04:08.970
(Mitchie)
However, adoption
was only the first step.

01:04:08.970 --> 01:04:13.099
The treaty still needed
to be ratified by 50 nations

01:04:13.099 --> 01:04:15.977
to become international law.

01:04:15.977 --> 01:04:21.524
(Setsuko)
It's such a profoundly
historic occasion.

01:04:21.524 --> 01:04:23.026
When I think of it,

01:04:23.026 --> 01:04:25.904
I almost tremble.

01:04:25.904 --> 01:04:34.120
Why? I am so--more
than grateful and humble.

01:04:34.120 --> 01:04:38.583
I can shout and scream
with joy and happiness,

01:04:38.583 --> 01:04:43.046
but it's a lot more serious
than that, really.

01:04:45.924 --> 01:04:50.887
Because I cannot
have this time

01:04:50.887 --> 01:04:55.475
without including
all the people

01:04:55.475 --> 01:04:58.561
who shared that fate with me

01:04:58.561 --> 01:05:01.689
in that city
on that day.

01:05:01.689 --> 01:05:04.317
(indistinct chatter)

01:05:04.317 --> 01:05:07.403
(Beatrice)
Today, we finally ban
nuclear weapons.

01:05:07.403 --> 01:05:08.947
This is an issue
that we're not always

01:05:08.947 --> 01:05:10.365
used to winning,

01:05:10.365 --> 01:05:12.242
and it feels really good
to win today.

01:05:12.242 --> 01:05:14.160
It's just the beginning.

01:05:14.160 --> 01:05:17.622
So my plea to all of you is,

01:05:17.622 --> 01:05:20.834
you media people, do your part.

01:05:20.834 --> 01:05:23.086
Is New York Times here?

01:05:23.086 --> 01:05:24.796
Washington Post here?

01:05:24.796 --> 01:05:27.215
I don't think so.

01:05:27.215 --> 01:05:29.300
We have to pressure them.

01:05:29.300 --> 01:05:33.346
And I want more people
to become motivated

01:05:33.346 --> 01:05:35.223
to act with us.

01:05:35.223 --> 01:05:38.226
That is--
is a shared responsibility.

01:05:38.226 --> 01:05:40.395
Yours and ours.

01:05:43.523 --> 01:05:45.608
(Mitchie)
At that time,
there was an event

01:05:45.608 --> 01:05:47.360
at the United Nations

01:05:47.360 --> 01:05:52.490
where several Hibakusha
gave testimony.

01:05:52.490 --> 01:05:56.411
Until I heard this woman
from Nagasaki speak,

01:05:56.411 --> 01:06:02.083
I used to think that
my mother was kind of chicken

01:06:02.083 --> 01:06:07.797
not to be able to talk about
what has happened to her,

01:06:07.797 --> 01:06:12.594
because she was probably
too emotionally fragile,

01:06:12.594 --> 01:06:16.431
while Setsuko was courageous

01:06:16.431 --> 01:06:19.309
to speak about
what has happened to her

01:06:19.309 --> 01:06:23.188
and give the testimony
many, many times.

01:06:24.480 --> 01:06:26.316
Then Mrs. Kimura said something

01:06:26.316 --> 01:06:28.818
that caught me
completely off guard.

01:07:04.854 --> 01:07:07.899
So now we have
some moments for questions

01:07:07.899 --> 01:07:09.817
and comments from the floor.

01:07:09.817 --> 01:07:13.529
As a second-generation
Hibakusha myself,

01:07:13.529 --> 01:07:16.241
listening to you talking
about how you wanted

01:07:16.241 --> 01:07:19.911
to protect your children
by not talking about it,

01:07:19.911 --> 01:07:23.873
now, I really appreciate
what my mother must have felt.

01:07:23.873 --> 01:07:26.501
(melancholic music)

01:07:26.501 --> 01:07:29.045
(Setsuko)
I have lots more, please eat.

01:07:31.339 --> 01:07:34.676
(Mitchie)
Finally, when I heard
Mrs. Kimura's speech,

01:07:34.676 --> 01:07:37.553
something clicked in my mind,

01:07:37.553 --> 01:07:39.973
and I said, "Ah...

01:07:39.973 --> 01:07:42.308
my mother didn't
maybe talk about it

01:07:42.308 --> 01:07:45.186
so that we won't
be discriminated."

01:07:45.186 --> 01:07:46.854
-She could have said...
-Do you think she wanted

01:07:46.854 --> 01:07:48.356
to protect the children?

01:07:48.356 --> 01:07:49.857
(Mitchie)
I think so.

01:07:49.857 --> 01:07:52.026
So, when I heard Mrs. Kimura

01:07:52.026 --> 01:07:56.531
talking about her experience
of discrimination,

01:07:56.531 --> 01:08:01.244
that really made me
want to cry,

01:08:01.244 --> 01:08:04.580
because I could
really understand.

01:08:04.580 --> 01:08:06.249
(soft piano music)

01:08:06.249 --> 01:08:10.586
All those years I grew up
surrounded by unspoken anxiety,

01:08:10.586 --> 01:08:13.506
thinking that
my mother was weak.

01:08:13.506 --> 01:08:15.925
I finally got it.

01:08:15.925 --> 01:08:17.552
I had always thought

01:08:17.552 --> 01:08:19.804
that my grandfather
was the heroic figure

01:08:19.804 --> 01:08:22.181
in our family's story.

01:08:22.181 --> 01:08:25.435
But now, I grasped
what strength it took

01:08:25.435 --> 01:08:30.231
for my mother to maintain
a lifetime of silence.

01:08:30.231 --> 01:08:32.650
(solemn music)

01:08:36.404 --> 01:08:40.908
In 2017, ICAN
and the nuclear ban movement

01:08:40.908 --> 01:08:44.412
was nominated
for the Nobel Peace Prize.

01:08:44.412 --> 01:08:46.873
As one of their
major campaigners,

01:08:46.873 --> 01:08:48.833
Setsuko was excited to see

01:08:48.833 --> 01:08:51.127
if their work
would be recognized.

01:08:53.087 --> 01:08:55.590
(Nobel representative)
Good morning, everybody.

01:08:55.590 --> 01:08:58.926
The Norwegian Nobel Committee

01:08:58.926 --> 01:09:01.763
has decided to award

01:09:01.763 --> 01:09:05.683
the Nobel Peace Prize for 2017

01:09:05.683 --> 01:09:10.980
to the International Campaign
to Abolish Nuclear Weapons,

01:09:10.980 --> 01:09:13.649
ICAN.

01:09:13.649 --> 01:09:17.028
The organization is
receiving the award

01:09:17.028 --> 01:09:20.406
for its work
to draw attention

01:09:20.406 --> 01:09:24.869
to the catastrophic
humanitarian consequences

01:09:24.869 --> 01:09:27.663
of any use of nuclear weapons

01:09:27.663 --> 01:09:32.085
and for its groundbreaking
efforts to achieve

01:09:32.085 --> 01:09:36.589
a treaty-based prohibition
on such weapons.

01:09:36.589 --> 01:09:39.092
Oh, what delight!
I quiver with delight!

01:09:39.092 --> 01:09:40.343
Let's scream.

01:09:40.343 --> 01:09:42.720
(laughter)

01:09:42.720 --> 01:09:44.305
Ahh!

01:09:44.305 --> 01:09:47.642
(Ray)
Thank you very much, everyone,
for joining us today

01:09:47.642 --> 01:09:51.813
at what I think is ICAN's first
Toronto press conference ever.

01:09:51.813 --> 01:09:55.358
So, today we're honored
to announce formally

01:09:55.358 --> 01:09:56.943
that Setsuko Thurlow,

01:09:56.943 --> 01:10:01.614
who is an atomic bomb survivor
from the age of 13 in Hiroshima,

01:10:01.614 --> 01:10:04.700
will be jointly accepting
the Nobel Peace Prize

01:10:04.700 --> 01:10:07.537
on ICAN's behalf
in Oslo in December.

01:10:07.537 --> 01:10:11.457
(applause)

01:10:11.457 --> 01:10:13.000
(Setsuko)
Often, the peace movement

01:10:13.000 --> 01:10:16.212
is considered to be
anti-government.

01:10:16.212 --> 01:10:20.341
But now,
with this recognition, hey,

01:10:20.341 --> 01:10:23.344
this is perfectly all right,
legitimate.

01:10:23.344 --> 01:10:26.139
University presidents are
writing to me, you know?

01:10:26.139 --> 01:10:27.557
Right, right.

01:10:27.557 --> 01:10:29.475
I'm looking forward
to this trip

01:10:29.475 --> 01:10:34.522
but with a certain degree
of anxiety,

01:10:34.522 --> 01:10:37.358
because I'm going to be
so busy.

01:10:37.358 --> 01:10:39.402
-Yes.
-It's possible

01:10:39.402 --> 01:10:43.156
I'm going to want
to buy new clothes.

01:10:43.156 --> 01:10:46.242
I really have to wear
something special.

01:10:46.242 --> 01:10:49.620
Not this.

01:10:49.620 --> 01:10:51.664
(Mitchie)
So this is beautiful.

01:10:51.664 --> 01:10:54.208
(upbeat music)

01:10:57.753 --> 01:11:00.256
(bright piano music)

01:11:06.512 --> 01:11:07.930
(Setsuko)
Time to go.

01:11:09.724 --> 01:11:13.019
(Mitchie)
She's speaking
at the Nobel Peace Prize,

01:11:13.019 --> 01:11:14.896
in Oslo.

01:11:14.896 --> 01:11:18.900
So she has to make it
to the plane.

01:11:18.900 --> 01:11:21.027
(Setsuko)
And where are we meeting Andrew?

01:11:24.780 --> 01:11:26.407
Hey, this is nice!

01:11:26.407 --> 01:11:27.992
This is fun!

01:11:34.499 --> 01:11:37.835
(Mitchie)
We arrived in Oslo
just before Christmas.

01:11:45.384 --> 01:11:49.472
I really enjoyed seeing Setsuko
treated like a rock star.

01:11:53.559 --> 01:11:58.856
(Setsuko)
I never expected this kind
of passionate support.

01:11:58.856 --> 01:12:02.068
(lively music)

01:12:02.068 --> 01:12:04.487
The world has come
to understand

01:12:04.487 --> 01:12:07.532
what we have been saying
for years and years.

01:12:26.133 --> 01:12:28.678
(majestic trumpet music)

01:12:32.557 --> 01:12:35.268
(applause)

01:12:44.819 --> 01:12:48.573
(applause)

01:12:51.033 --> 01:12:53.202
Every second of every day,

01:12:53.202 --> 01:12:58.416
nuclear weapons endanger
everything we hold dear.

01:12:59.500 --> 01:13:02.128
When I was a 13-year-old girl

01:13:02.128 --> 01:13:06.716
trapped in
the smoldering rubble,

01:13:06.716 --> 01:13:08.134
I kept pushing.

01:13:08.134 --> 01:13:12.388
I kept moving toward the light.

01:13:13.264 --> 01:13:16.017
And I survived.

01:13:17.476 --> 01:13:21.856
Our light now is a ban treaty.

01:13:22.857 --> 01:13:24.859
I repeat those words

01:13:24.859 --> 01:13:28.738
that I heard
in the ruins of Hiroshima.

01:13:28.738 --> 01:13:30.072
"Don't give up.

01:13:30.072 --> 01:13:32.825
Keep pushing, keep moving.

01:13:32.825 --> 01:13:34.869
See the light.

01:13:34.869 --> 01:13:36.912
Crawl towards it."

01:13:38.456 --> 01:13:41.542
Tonight,
we march through

01:13:41.542 --> 01:13:44.712
the streets of Oslo

01:13:44.712 --> 01:13:47.506
with torches aflame.

01:13:47.506 --> 01:13:50.259
Let us follow each other

01:13:50.259 --> 01:13:52.887
out of the dark night

01:13:52.887 --> 01:13:56.057
of nuclear terror.

01:13:56.057 --> 01:14:00.645
No matter what obstacles
we face,

01:14:00.645 --> 01:14:04.523
we will keep moving

01:14:04.523 --> 01:14:07.568
and keep pushing

01:14:07.568 --> 01:14:12.615
and keep sharing
this light for others.

01:14:12.615 --> 01:14:15.534
This is our commitment

01:14:15.534 --> 01:14:22.041
for our one precious world
to survive.

01:14:22.041 --> 01:14:25.336
(applause, cheers)

01:14:25.336 --> 01:14:28.756
(inspirational music)

01:14:36.806 --> 01:14:39.225
(cheers, shouting)

01:14:39.225 --> 01:14:42.603
I was so gratified.

01:14:42.603 --> 01:14:45.439
I kept having tears.

01:14:45.439 --> 01:14:47.817
Tears of joy.

01:14:50.194 --> 01:14:54.281
This is going
to change the world.

01:14:54.281 --> 01:14:56.450
I believe that.

01:14:56.450 --> 01:14:59.662
(all chant "Yes, ICAN")

01:15:06.752 --> 01:15:11.841
(applause)

01:15:11.841 --> 01:15:14.969
(Andrew)
My mom wants to keep going
as long as she can.

01:15:14.969 --> 01:15:17.138
Being an activist
is extremely important to her,

01:15:17.138 --> 01:15:18.681
and I think she realizes

01:15:18.681 --> 01:15:20.683
that she has a limited
number of years left,

01:15:20.683 --> 01:15:22.601
and she wants to do
as much as she can

01:15:22.601 --> 01:15:24.645
in that time.

01:15:24.645 --> 01:15:26.564
(Beatrice)
This is a campaign
where there's a role

01:15:26.564 --> 01:15:28.858
for everyone to play.

01:15:28.858 --> 01:15:30.151
And the most important

01:15:30.151 --> 01:15:33.070
is just to admit
and declare to yourself,

01:15:33.070 --> 01:15:34.530
"I don't believe
in these weapons.

01:15:34.530 --> 01:15:37.825
I think they're illegitimate
and unacceptable."

01:15:37.825 --> 01:15:40.870
And just saying that
contributes to removing

01:15:40.870 --> 01:15:44.498
some of the legitimacy
of these weapons.

01:15:44.498 --> 01:15:48.210
(Setsuko)
This is only the beginning

01:15:48.210 --> 01:15:52.048
of a real, hard struggle.

01:15:53.591 --> 01:15:57.970
When 50 nations
sign the treaty

01:15:57.970 --> 01:16:00.806
and ratify it,

01:16:00.806 --> 01:16:04.393
then this treaty
becomes effective,

01:16:04.393 --> 01:16:06.604
coming to force.

01:16:06.604 --> 01:16:09.523
That would be the day

01:16:09.523 --> 01:16:14.445
I wish I could be
alive to witness.

01:16:14.445 --> 01:16:18.199
(soft piano music)

01:16:25.289 --> 01:16:27.583
(bright orchestral music)

01:16:35.382 --> 01:16:40.095
I am certainly so grateful
to all those people

01:16:40.095 --> 01:16:43.265
who worked with us
around the world.

01:16:46.977 --> 01:16:48.729
Seventy-five years.

01:16:56.320 --> 01:16:59.323
All of us have a job to do.

01:16:59.323 --> 01:17:01.700
We have to work
with our own government,

01:17:01.700 --> 01:17:06.914
especially our governments
are reluctant to sign, ratify.

01:17:06.914 --> 01:17:10.543
We have to work harder.

01:17:10.543 --> 01:17:15.339
The inscription
in the Peace Park in Hiroshima

01:17:15.339 --> 01:17:19.510
says, "Rest in Peace.

01:17:19.510 --> 01:17:23.597
This error
will not be repeated."

01:17:23.597 --> 01:17:28.352
This became the vow
and prayer of survivors.

01:17:28.352 --> 01:17:31.480
Certainly, it is mine.

01:17:33.482 --> 01:17:37.736
I do believe
that we can fulfill our vow.

01:17:44.535 --> 01:17:47.079
(dramatic music)