WEBVTT

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FBI Report-- June 12, 1964.

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Anonymous caller at 1:40 says
Malcolm X will be bumped off.

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America\'s whole situation
is a lunatic fringe.

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Anytime you have a country
that refers to itself

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as the free world and a
democracy, and at the same time

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he has 22 million
of its citizens who

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aren\'t permitted citizenship,
why that in itself

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reflects lunacy.

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A collective lunacy on
the part of Uncle Sam.

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And you almost have to be
insane to deal with an insane

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man or an insane situation.

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I met him just a week or so
before he died at an airport.

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And he told me there that he
had a telephone call with Martin

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Luther King, and they were going
to meet and try to amalgamate

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their two forces--

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his Organization of
Afro-American Unity,

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and Martin\'s Southern Christian
Leadership Conference--

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and sort of divide the
country into north and south.

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Martin in the south, and
Malcolm in the north.

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It would\'ve been a great
movement with these two

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charismatic men, and
I think the government

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had to stop that at any cost.

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The day that Malcolm was
assassinated, February 21,

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1965, I have never seen him
with that kind of expression

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that he had on his
face and in his being.

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I went to the Audubon
with my son, Billy.

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He would worship Malcolm.

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When we went there,
we couldn\'t help

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but feel there was
something in the air.

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I wouldn\'t know
how to pinpoint it,

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but there seemed to
be a lot of anxiety.

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Don\'t think that I
don\'t know how bad I

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make myself look by attacking
an organization that I was

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once so inseparably a part of.

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But I\'m not particularly
concerned with how bad

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it makes me look.

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My prime concern is to expose
it to the fullest of my ability.

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Let the chips fall
where they may.

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Well, we all went
to the meeting,

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and I had my children with me.

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We were sitting in
the front facing

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the sides of the Audubon, not
facing the back looking front.

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Benjamin got up on the stage,
and he started to speak.

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Usually I take
notes, and I still

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have the notes I took then,
and I\'ll read some excerpts.

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\"Anyone opening the door
will face life or death.

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We must not care for
personal consequences.

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Such a person is a good man--\"

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When the last thing
I said was, I now

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bring before you a man who would
give his life for his people--

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Just after he said that,
there was a commotion

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in the middle of the room.

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And there was a distraction
when two men seemed

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to have jumped up,
and one said, get

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your hands out of my pocket.

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And everybody, of
course, had turned

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to look at these two
men, and just then it

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seemed like shots were
fired from the front.

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I have four children,
and I threw their bodies

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underneath the bench and
covered them with my body.

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And it was my oldest daughter
who said she could not breathe,

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and so I kind of moved slightly
so that she could get some air

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and breathe.

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And as I moved, I
kind of raised my head

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and I saw someone gasping
like something horrible was

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happening, and I
looked to the front

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to see my husband falling back.

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[GUNSHOTS]

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[WOMAN SCREAMING]

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Then it was like all
hell broke loose.

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A young brother passed
me on the aisle,

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and so I told my son, stay here.

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And I followed
him because I knew

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he must be going
up to the stage,

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and I wanted to know
how Malcolm was doing.

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And I got up there,
and I went to Malcolm.

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He was breathing heavily,
and I put his head on my lap.

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And other people came and
they opened his shirt,

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and you could see that
he was shot all over.

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Elijah Muhammad, Jr. stood
up and told the group,

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many of whom are here now also,
that I should have been killed.

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That my tongue should have
been put it in an envelope

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and sent back to Chicago by now.

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Well, Malcolm X was a great man.

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So many different Malcolms.

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People just are inspired by what
he did and what he stood for.

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When he was alive, I think
that for a lot of people

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he made black pride
scary, frightening,

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because it was a very
anti-American conception

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of black pride.

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The injustice that
has been inflicted

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upon negroes in this country
by Uncle Sam is criminal.

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Don\'t blame a cracker in
Georgia for your injustices.

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The government is responsible
for the injustices.

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Malcolm X already
is an American hero.

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And by that I mean that
African-Americans do not

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have the wing.

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You don\'t need America\'s
stamp of approval.

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In real political terms, I
think that, again, things

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like the LA riots, the
disappearance of so

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much civil rights legislation,
the resegregation--

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and in fact, the statistics
show that blacks in particular,

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but people of color
generally are worse off

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than they were in
some categories

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than at the beginning of
the civil rights movement.

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I think all of this has
produced a certain kind of quest

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for something like a messiah.

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One thing that might help
in understanding Malcolm

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is to know that in
our family background

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we were always activists.

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The two heroes that we
were taught to look up to--

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these were the two that
my father always liked--

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was Marcus Garvey and
Booker T. Washington.

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When we were in I
think it was Milwaukee,

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there was a time
when Marcus Garvey,

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they were attempting
to deport him.

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In fact, they did
deport him eventually.

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But he came through
and stayed with us.

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We couldn\'t tell anybody that
he was there at the time.

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The influences of his mother
were of enormous significance.

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She was very well educated
at the time she migrated

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to North America,
grounded in the three R\'s

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in an Anglican
school in Grenada,

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and politically committed.

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The events that shaped him were
such compelling and, in fact,

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dramatic events, and they speak
to racial issues in America.

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They aren\'t metaphors.

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They are direct encounters
with racism in America.

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There were people who worked
for the social services agency

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at that time.

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Also, the probate judge
wanted the property,

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and eventually it
did end up with some

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of the members of his family.

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But what they would do
was put undue pressures,

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or they would harass her.

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They would come all hours
of the day and night,

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and just come walking in and
claim they had a right to

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because they were the ones that
were furnishing assistance,

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and did everything they
could to demean her and keep

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her continuously
feeling ill at ease.

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And over a period of time,
this began to affect her.

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I\'ve got Malcolm X in a
poolroom on Humboldt Avenue

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up in Roxbury, Massachusetts.

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He was dressed real sharp with
his wide-brimmed hat, zoot

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suit, big leg pants with the
fancy chain, knob-toed shoes.

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And I had the impression that he
was a slickster from the yard.

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[TRUMPET PLAYING]

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The way Malcolm tells
his story to Alex Haley

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is the zoot suit
culture and the conk,

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everything that he
participated in during the war

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during his youth was seen
as a period of darkness.

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A sort of political
darkness for him.

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The Nation of Islam is a thing
that sort of politicized him

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in his prison experiences.

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And what I would suggest
is that the zoot suit

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was very politicized
suit of clothing.

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Those who wore the
zoot suit themselves

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were seen as able-bodied
young men who refused

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to participate in the war.

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[SAXOPHONE PLAYING]

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Walking around flaunting
both the zoot suit, which

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went against work
production codes,

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and flaunting the fact that
they ought to be in the army

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but refused to go was
itself a direct statement.

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A kind of embodiment of
anti-patriotism at the time.

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[TRUMPET PLAYING]

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One night one of the
girls got bored and said,

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let\'s go break in somebody\'s
house for some kicks

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and some excitement.

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This way Beatrice was the
one that used to say, well,

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there\'s Mr. Procter
and Mr. Gamble

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who used to be the owners
of the Procter & Gamble soap

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in those days.

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Well Mr. Gamble, she says, he
only lives a couple of blocks

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away and he\'s down in Florida
on his winter vacation.

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We can go in his house.

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So what we did, we got the phone
number, we made a phone call.

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Nobody answered the phone,
and then we went over

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and we looked at the house.

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The house was dark.

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Malcolm would go up and
ring the front door bell

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to make sure there
was nobody there.

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When nobody\'s there,
we took a crowbar

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and entered the house
through the window.

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Those problems with
the breakup of a family

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or the attraction to drugs,
the hustling life, the ritual

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or rite of passage
of going to jail

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are statistically
incredibly common right now.

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And so I think
that story actually

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has a wider audience,
an audience that

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understands much more the need
for a personal transformation.

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After Malcolm got caught
in some of his wrongdoing

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and he got sentenced
to prison, it

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was a kind of a shock to
him, but it was something

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that he needed.

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He needed that.

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In fact, I even felt relieved
when he was arrested and put

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in prison because I was
afraid that any day I

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might be notified that he\'d
been shot by the police

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or something.

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We both received what is
known as 8 to 10 years, which

00:15:15.260 --> 00:15:17.660 align:middle line:84%
means according to
the law we each had

00:15:17.660 --> 00:15:21.277 align:middle line:84%
to serve a minimum of 60 months,
which is five years in prison.

00:15:21.277 --> 00:15:25.750 align:middle line:90%
[DRUMSET PLAYING]

00:15:25.750 --> 00:15:32.230 align:middle line:90%


00:15:32.230 --> 00:15:35.327 align:middle line:84%
After they had sentenced
him, I talked with him

00:15:35.327 --> 00:15:36.160 align:middle line:90%
and I told him then.

00:15:36.160 --> 00:15:39.340 align:middle line:84%
I said, you know
didn\'t finish school.

00:15:39.340 --> 00:15:41.860 align:middle line:90%
You got all this time to do.

00:15:41.860 --> 00:15:44.690 align:middle line:84%
So let the time serve you
instead of you serving it.

00:15:44.690 --> 00:15:58.790 align:middle line:90%


00:15:58.790 --> 00:16:04.490 align:middle line:84%
We were seeking knowledge
and wisdom of the world.

00:16:04.490 --> 00:16:09.320 align:middle line:84%
Now, what we were seeking went
way beyond our normal studies.

00:16:09.320 --> 00:16:12.620 align:middle line:84%
So we went into practicing
mental telepathy.

00:16:12.620 --> 00:16:15.848 align:middle line:90%


00:16:15.848 --> 00:16:17.640 align:middle line:84%
Now, this may sound
foolish to some people,

00:16:17.640 --> 00:16:19.860 align:middle line:84%
but it is a possibility
and it has happened,

00:16:19.860 --> 00:16:22.850 align:middle line:90%
and we touch base with it.

00:16:22.850 --> 00:16:26.060 align:middle line:84%
All this has to do with
Malcolm\'s transformation

00:16:26.060 --> 00:16:28.490 align:middle line:84%
of his mind, building
it to the point where

00:16:28.490 --> 00:16:32.030 align:middle line:84%
he was strong enough
where he could hypnotize

00:16:32.030 --> 00:16:34.535 align:middle line:84%
an audience through the
way he spoke to them.

00:16:34.535 --> 00:16:35.600 align:middle line:90%
We are loving people.

00:16:35.600 --> 00:16:38.720 align:middle line:84%
We love everybody who
loves us, but we don\'t love

00:16:38.720 --> 00:16:41.048 align:middle line:90%
anybody who doesn\'t love us.

00:16:41.048 --> 00:16:44.310 align:middle line:90%
[APPLAUSE]

00:16:44.310 --> 00:16:47.752 align:middle line:84%
We\'re nonviolent with people
who are nonviolent with us.

00:16:47.752 --> 00:16:52.380 align:middle line:90%
[APPLAUSE]

00:16:52.380 --> 00:16:58.080 align:middle line:84%
But we are not nonviolent with
anyone who is violent with us.

00:16:58.080 --> 00:17:04.270 align:middle line:90%


00:17:04.270 --> 00:17:07.900 align:middle line:84%
And I became aware
of a Muslim group

00:17:07.900 --> 00:17:12.180 align:middle line:84%
who were doing things similar
to what we had done in the UNIE.

00:17:12.180 --> 00:17:15.240 align:middle line:90%


00:17:15.240 --> 00:17:17.849 align:middle line:84%
So when I heard about that,
I got involved with them.

00:17:17.849 --> 00:17:21.730 align:middle line:84%
And once I did, then I brought
in my brothers and sisters

00:17:21.730 --> 00:17:25.030 align:middle line:90%
who were in the area into it.

00:17:25.030 --> 00:17:29.650 align:middle line:84%
Malcolm had a time accepting
the Islam when he first

00:17:29.650 --> 00:17:31.670 align:middle line:90%
heard about it.

00:17:31.670 --> 00:17:33.760 align:middle line:84%
But I had a younger
brother, Reginald,

00:17:33.760 --> 00:17:36.250 align:middle line:84%
who had been on the
streets with Malcolm,

00:17:36.250 --> 00:17:38.020 align:middle line:90%
and they understood each other.

00:17:38.020 --> 00:17:40.510 align:middle line:84%
So I sent Reginald to him
to visit him in prison,

00:17:40.510 --> 00:17:43.463 align:middle line:84%
and Reginald is the
one who convinced him.

00:17:43.463 --> 00:17:48.393 align:middle line:90%
[CHOIR CHANTING]

00:17:48.393 --> 00:18:13.090 align:middle line:90%


00:18:13.090 --> 00:18:15.940 align:middle line:84%
I knew he had the ability to
become a big person once he

00:18:15.940 --> 00:18:17.260 align:middle line:90%
got out of prison.

00:18:17.260 --> 00:18:18.840 align:middle line:84%
You see, when he
was in prison, he

00:18:18.840 --> 00:18:20.950 align:middle line:84%
was like a bird
in a gilded cage.

00:18:20.950 --> 00:18:22.660 align:middle line:84%
He was dying to get
out, and once they

00:18:22.660 --> 00:18:25.022 align:middle line:84%
opened the door to let him
out, he became dangerous.

00:18:25.022 --> 00:18:28.320 align:middle line:90%


00:18:28.320 --> 00:18:30.410 align:middle line:84%
Now, you know the old
saying, a thinking man

00:18:30.410 --> 00:18:31.290 align:middle line:90%
is a dangerous man?

00:18:31.290 --> 00:18:34.220 align:middle line:84%
Malcolm taught himself
to be a thinking man.

00:18:34.220 --> 00:18:37.250 align:middle line:84%
He became so dangerous he became
a threat to the men of power.

00:18:37.250 --> 00:19:05.850 align:middle line:90%


00:19:05.850 --> 00:19:11.490 align:middle line:84%
You have come to hear and to
see the greatest and the wisest

00:19:11.490 --> 00:19:15.954 align:middle line:84%
and most fearless black
man in America today.

00:19:15.954 --> 00:19:21.366 align:middle line:90%
[CHOIR CHANTING]

00:19:21.366 --> 00:19:26.778 align:middle line:90%
[APPLAUSE]

00:19:26.778 --> 00:19:29.250 align:middle line:84%
Malcolm\'s relationship
with Mrs. Muhammad

00:19:29.250 --> 00:19:32.840 align:middle line:90%
was almost a form of worship.

00:19:32.840 --> 00:19:35.810 align:middle line:90%


00:19:35.810 --> 00:19:39.800 align:middle line:84%
I guess he saw him
as a father image.

00:19:39.800 --> 00:19:44.090 align:middle line:84%
As matter of fact,
he called him my son.

00:19:44.090 --> 00:19:48.230 align:middle line:84%
And at six years old, I
guess losing his father

00:19:48.230 --> 00:19:52.100 align:middle line:84%
and losing him tragically, it
was like having a father again.

00:19:52.100 --> 00:19:54.860 align:middle line:84%
Down the road, Elijah Muhammad
has setup more businesses

00:19:54.860 --> 00:19:56.943 align:middle line:90%
than any black man in America.

00:19:56.943 --> 00:19:58.360 align:middle line:84%
He\'s not trying
to build churches.

00:19:58.360 --> 00:20:02.260 align:middle line:84%
He\'s trying to build businesses
because businesses make jobs

00:20:02.260 --> 00:20:06.107 align:middle line:84%
for you and churches don\'t make
jobs for anybody but preachers.

00:20:06.107 --> 00:20:09.240 align:middle line:90%


00:20:09.240 --> 00:20:10.170 align:middle line:90%
He worked very hard.

00:20:10.170 --> 00:20:13.560 align:middle line:84%
When he entered that
movement, they had four,

00:20:13.560 --> 00:20:16.140 align:middle line:90%
they called them temples.

00:20:16.140 --> 00:20:23.550 align:middle line:84%
Not over six, populated
by very elderly members.

00:20:23.550 --> 00:20:27.720 align:middle line:84%
And in a very short time, they
had temples all over the United

00:20:27.720 --> 00:20:31.920 align:middle line:84%
States and outside of the United
States populated primarily

00:20:31.920 --> 00:20:33.320 align:middle line:90%
with young adults.

00:20:33.320 --> 00:20:36.110 align:middle line:90%


00:20:36.110 --> 00:20:39.200 align:middle line:84%
They\'re passing the
basket through the crowd.

00:20:39.200 --> 00:20:43.400 align:middle line:84%
I think everybody standing here
should put $1 in that basket.

00:20:43.400 --> 00:20:44.855 align:middle line:90%
Don\'t you think you should?

00:20:44.855 --> 00:20:48.440 align:middle line:84%
Sure, these are freedom
dollars, brother.

00:20:48.440 --> 00:20:52.660 align:middle line:84%
African Square, the home of
the revolutionary thinking

00:20:52.660 --> 00:20:54.830 align:middle line:90%
of Harlem.

00:20:54.830 --> 00:20:58.776 align:middle line:84%
On this corner stood
Herbie Steinman\'s store.

00:20:58.776 --> 00:21:00.720 align:middle line:84%
Here stood Mashore\'s
Bookstore and the home

00:21:00.720 --> 00:21:04.065 align:middle line:84%
of proper propaganda where
all the books came from.

00:21:04.065 --> 00:21:05.440 align:middle line:84%
Over there was
Chock Full O\' Nuts

00:21:05.440 --> 00:21:07.850 align:middle line:84%
under Hotel Theresa where
Malcolm and others came

00:21:07.850 --> 00:21:09.710 align:middle line:90%
and drank their coffee.

00:21:09.710 --> 00:21:12.260 align:middle line:84%
On his corner was African
Nationalist Pioneer Movement

00:21:12.260 --> 00:21:14.420 align:middle line:90%
and Carlos Cook.

00:21:14.420 --> 00:21:18.360 align:middle line:84%
Next to him on Sundays was Dr.
Yosef Ben-Jochannan, Dr. Ben.

00:21:18.360 --> 00:21:20.940 align:middle line:90%


00:21:20.940 --> 00:21:22.600 align:middle line:84%
And right here in
African Square is

00:21:22.600 --> 00:21:25.390 align:middle line:84%
where Malcolm taught and had
his unity rallies featuring

00:21:25.390 --> 00:21:29.230 align:middle line:84%
Adam Clayton Powell, Hulan
Jack, Roy Wilkins, James

00:21:29.230 --> 00:21:30.780 align:middle line:90%
Farmer and others.

00:21:30.780 --> 00:21:34.390 align:middle line:84%
This is a whole proliferation
of African culture, African

00:21:34.390 --> 00:21:39.299 align:middle line:84%
Square, African philosophy,
African-American collaboration.

00:21:39.299 --> 00:22:13.750 align:middle line:90%


00:22:13.750 --> 00:22:19.900 align:middle line:84%
When I first met him, I
was frightened of him.

00:22:19.900 --> 00:22:23.530 align:middle line:84%
I didn\'t know what was expected,
but he was always to me

00:22:23.530 --> 00:22:26.380 align:middle line:90%
very serious and very focused.

00:22:26.380 --> 00:22:31.280 align:middle line:90%
[POLICE SIRENS]

00:22:31.280 --> 00:22:45.010 align:middle line:90%


00:22:45.010 --> 00:22:48.340 align:middle line:84%
We\'re standing in a
space where there once

00:22:48.340 --> 00:22:53.050 align:middle line:84%
stood the infamous 20th
Precinct, a precinct renowned

00:22:53.050 --> 00:22:57.010 align:middle line:84%
for its oppression of
people in its community.

00:22:57.010 --> 00:22:59.230 align:middle line:84%
And it was in the precinct
where Robert Johnson

00:22:59.230 --> 00:23:03.460 align:middle line:84%
was brought after refusing to
move quickly as he was selling

00:23:03.460 --> 00:23:05.660 align:middle line:90%
some papers around the corner.

00:23:05.660 --> 00:23:08.620 align:middle line:84%
And he was beaten up and
brought to the precinct,

00:23:08.620 --> 00:23:13.450 align:middle line:84%
and Minister Malcolm came in and
bought several hundred members

00:23:13.450 --> 00:23:15.800 align:middle line:90%
of the Nation of Islam.

00:23:15.800 --> 00:23:18.330 align:middle line:84%
And of course, with the
dynamics of the community

00:23:18.330 --> 00:23:22.000 align:middle line:84%
at that warm night, people
out of their curiosity

00:23:22.000 --> 00:23:24.580 align:middle line:84%
came, so much so that
you had two elements.

00:23:24.580 --> 00:23:26.080 align:middle line:84%
You had the Nation
of Islam standing

00:23:26.080 --> 00:23:30.160 align:middle line:84%
tall and erect and quiet waiting
for orders from Mr. Malcolm,

00:23:30.160 --> 00:23:34.770 align:middle line:84%
and you had a frenzied
crowd of people in Harlem

00:23:34.770 --> 00:23:38.039 align:middle line:84%
that were just tired
of being pushed around.

00:23:38.039 --> 00:23:43.418 align:middle line:90%
[DRUMMING RHYTHMS]

00:23:43.418 --> 00:23:55.650 align:middle line:90%


00:23:55.650 --> 00:23:57.173 align:middle line:90%
I was in Chock Full O\' Nuts.

00:23:57.173 --> 00:23:58.840 align:middle line:84%
I\'d just come from
the bookstore and was

00:23:58.840 --> 00:24:01.257 align:middle line:84%
spending some time in Chock
Full O\' Nuts around the corner

00:24:01.257 --> 00:24:02.480 align:middle line:90%
here eating a hot dog.

00:24:02.480 --> 00:24:04.405 align:middle line:84%
The brothers came around
and were telling me

00:24:04.405 --> 00:24:06.530 align:middle line:84%
about the frenzy that was
taking place around here.

00:24:06.530 --> 00:24:08.410 align:middle line:84%
But I had just
ordered some soup,

00:24:08.410 --> 00:24:09.660 align:middle line:90%
and I wasn\'t leaving my soup.

00:24:09.660 --> 00:24:11.962 align:middle line:84%
So by the time I finished
my soup and came out,

00:24:11.962 --> 00:24:13.670 align:middle line:84%
the brothers were
coming around a corner.

00:24:13.670 --> 00:24:17.080 align:middle line:84%
And then they proceeded to go
up Seventh Avenue to [INAUDIBLE]

00:24:17.080 --> 00:24:21.020 align:middle line:90%
across to Harlem Hospital.

00:24:21.020 --> 00:24:24.430 align:middle line:84%
The neurosurgeon that
operated on Hinton came out

00:24:24.430 --> 00:24:31.030 align:middle line:84%
and he told Minister Malcolm
that the man would live.

00:24:31.030 --> 00:24:38.490 align:middle line:84%
At that moment, Malcolm just
raised and lowered his hands,

00:24:38.490 --> 00:24:40.470 align:middle line:90%
and everybody just melted away.

00:24:40.470 --> 00:24:44.880 align:middle line:84%
I mean, thousands of people
without hardly a sound.

00:24:44.880 --> 00:24:48.720 align:middle line:84%
And the police officer
said that no man

00:24:48.720 --> 00:24:50.520 align:middle line:90%
should have that much power.

00:24:50.520 --> 00:24:53.915 align:middle line:90%


00:24:53.915 --> 00:24:55.688 align:middle line:90%
That was a night to behold.

00:24:55.688 --> 00:24:57.910 align:middle line:90%
I\'ll never forget that man.

00:24:57.910 --> 00:24:59.430 align:middle line:90%
It was a night to behold.

00:24:59.430 --> 00:25:01.468 align:middle line:90%
Harlem was never the same again.

00:25:01.468 --> 00:25:06.408 align:middle line:90%
[DRUMSET PLAYING]

00:25:06.408 --> 00:25:17.280 align:middle line:90%


00:25:17.280 --> 00:25:21.150 align:middle line:84%
Office memorandum-- United
States government to Director

00:25:21.150 --> 00:25:22.380 align:middle line:90%
FBI--

00:25:22.380 --> 00:25:26.040 align:middle line:90%
date, July 2, 1958.

00:25:26.040 --> 00:25:29.250 align:middle line:84%
The NYO-- that is
the New York Office--

00:25:29.250 --> 00:25:31.680 align:middle line:84%
after due consideration
believes that Little

00:25:31.680 --> 00:25:33.912 align:middle line:84%
should be designated
a key figure in view

00:25:33.912 --> 00:25:36.560 align:middle line:84%
of his extensive
activity as minister

00:25:36.560 --> 00:25:42.620 align:middle line:84%
of Temple Number 7, 102 West
116th Street, New York City.

00:25:42.620 --> 00:25:45.170 align:middle line:90%
Mosque Number 7--

00:25:45.170 --> 00:25:48.130 align:middle line:90%
As-sal-a-mu A-lai-kum.

00:25:48.130 --> 00:25:51.670 align:middle line:90%
Seven syllables.

00:25:51.670 --> 00:25:53.950 align:middle line:84%
Their movement grew
by leaps and bounds

00:25:53.950 --> 00:25:56.440 align:middle line:84%
because he was very
dedicated, and he

00:25:56.440 --> 00:26:00.400 align:middle line:84%
spent a lot of time
recruiting and building.

00:26:00.400 --> 00:26:04.180 align:middle line:84%
And the businesses, he
built the businesses up.

00:26:04.180 --> 00:26:06.130 align:middle line:90%
He started a paper.

00:26:06.130 --> 00:26:08.530 align:middle line:84%
I mean, he worked
very, very hard,

00:26:08.530 --> 00:26:15.190 align:middle line:84%
and there was a lot of
animosity towards him.

00:26:15.190 --> 00:26:17.824 align:middle line:84%
What is he trying to
do, kind of thing.

00:26:17.824 --> 00:26:44.500 align:middle line:90%


00:26:44.500 --> 00:26:47.010 align:middle line:84%
In several southern
states, negro students

00:26:47.010 --> 00:26:51.150 align:middle line:84%
are refusing to leave stores
or restaurants that serve them

00:26:51.150 --> 00:26:52.810 align:middle line:90%
because of their color.

00:26:52.810 --> 00:26:54.840 align:middle line:84%
One group, known
as the Muslims, has

00:26:54.840 --> 00:26:59.010 align:middle line:84%
rejected the gradualism advanced
by the NAACP and the Urban

00:26:59.010 --> 00:27:02.440 align:middle line:84%
League, and is stridently
proclaiming that a white man\'s

00:27:02.440 --> 00:27:04.950 align:middle line:90%
heaven is a black man\'s hell.

00:27:04.950 --> 00:27:08.070 align:middle line:84%
Tonight we have with us Malcolm
X, the Muslim\'s New York

00:27:08.070 --> 00:27:10.560 align:middle line:84%
minister who feels that
the negro must take

00:27:10.560 --> 00:27:13.500 align:middle line:90%
his destiny into his own hands.

00:27:13.500 --> 00:27:16.050 align:middle line:84%
The desegregation
decisions and other type

00:27:16.050 --> 00:27:18.450 align:middle line:84%
of legislation and
Supreme Court decisions

00:27:18.450 --> 00:27:21.210 align:middle line:84%
depends upon changing
the white man\'s mind.

00:27:21.210 --> 00:27:23.790 align:middle line:84%
The Honorable Elijah
Muhammad teaches us

00:27:23.790 --> 00:27:27.240 align:middle line:84%
that our own mind
has to be changed.

00:27:27.240 --> 00:27:28.943 align:middle line:84%
Well you know, I had
been a part of what

00:27:28.943 --> 00:27:30.360 align:middle line:84%
I call the Martin
Luther King wing

00:27:30.360 --> 00:27:33.030 align:middle line:84%
of the movement in my college
days at Howard University.

00:27:33.030 --> 00:27:37.560 align:middle line:84%
And by 1962, I had begun to
believe that this was just

00:27:37.560 --> 00:27:40.650 align:middle line:84%
not going, the
nonviolent demonstrations

00:27:40.650 --> 00:27:43.230 align:middle line:84%
and turning the other cheek
and that kind of thing.

00:27:43.230 --> 00:27:46.870 align:middle line:84%
So I was kind of in the middle
of things in the summer of 1962

00:27:46.870 --> 00:27:49.680 align:middle line:84%
when I moved to Harlem,
and the first night I

00:27:49.680 --> 00:27:51.210 align:middle line:90%
moved in with a Friday evening.

00:27:51.210 --> 00:27:54.070 align:middle line:84%
Saturday morning my roommate
and I instead of unpacking,

00:27:54.070 --> 00:27:55.560 align:middle line:90%
we said, let\'s walk in Harlem.

00:27:55.560 --> 00:27:57.880 align:middle line:84%
We were both southern
boys basically,

00:27:57.880 --> 00:27:59.850 align:middle line:84%
and this was our first
time being in Harlem.

00:27:59.850 --> 00:28:04.185 align:middle line:84%
So we walked down Lenox Avenue
and we saw a crowd gathering.

00:28:04.185 --> 00:28:05.310 align:middle line:90%
We asked what was going on.

00:28:05.310 --> 00:28:07.060 align:middle line:84%
They said Malcolm X
is going to speak.

00:28:07.060 --> 00:28:09.815 align:middle line:84%
Now, we had heard of Malcolm
X. He was the boogie man.

00:28:09.815 --> 00:28:11.190 align:middle line:84%
On Saturday
afternoon there would

00:28:11.190 --> 00:28:14.910 align:middle line:84%
be thousands of people
all here in the streets.

00:28:14.910 --> 00:28:19.310 align:middle line:84%
People from 112th, 113th,
115th, 118th that would come,

00:28:19.310 --> 00:28:22.320 align:middle line:84%
and Malcolm would be
talking to the multitude.

00:28:22.320 --> 00:28:24.730 align:middle line:84%
There\'s no such thing as
freedom in this country

00:28:24.730 --> 00:28:26.130 align:middle line:90%
for a black man.

00:28:26.130 --> 00:28:28.620 align:middle line:84%
There\'s no such thing as
justice in this country

00:28:28.620 --> 00:28:29.735 align:middle line:90%
for a black man.

00:28:29.735 --> 00:28:32.770 align:middle line:84%
And there\'s no such thing
as equality in this country

00:28:32.770 --> 00:28:34.070 align:middle line:90%
for a black man.

00:28:34.070 --> 00:28:36.008 align:middle line:90%
This is a white man\'s country.

00:28:36.008 --> 00:28:37.960 align:middle line:90%
[APPLAUSE]

00:28:37.960 --> 00:28:42.480 align:middle line:84%
From the moment I heard
that speech, I changed.

00:28:42.480 --> 00:28:45.630 align:middle line:84%
I literally began to
see the real struggle

00:28:45.630 --> 00:28:48.600 align:middle line:84%
from a real perspective
from a man who I always

00:28:48.600 --> 00:28:50.070 align:middle line:90%
called a master teacher.

00:28:50.070 --> 00:28:52.690 align:middle line:84%
People with wine bottles
put them in their pocket.

00:28:52.690 --> 00:28:56.232 align:middle line:84%
People with cigarettes put them
out out of respect and the love

00:28:56.232 --> 00:28:58.440 align:middle line:84%
for what Malcolm talked
about because they recognized

00:28:58.440 --> 00:29:01.810 align:middle line:90%
that he was a part of them.

00:29:01.810 --> 00:29:06.030 align:middle line:84%
Has integration solved the
problem or made it worse?

00:29:06.030 --> 00:29:07.770 align:middle line:84%
Right here there
would be policemen

00:29:07.770 --> 00:29:10.050 align:middle line:90%
standing around on the roofs.

00:29:10.050 --> 00:29:11.788 align:middle line:84%
Malcolm would call
them blue-eyed devils

00:29:11.788 --> 00:29:13.080 align:middle line:90%
and say, look at them crackers.

00:29:13.080 --> 00:29:13.890 align:middle line:90%
Look at them devils.

00:29:13.890 --> 00:29:15.348 align:middle line:84%
They know what I\'m
saying is right.

00:29:15.348 --> 00:29:19.810 align:middle line:90%


00:29:19.810 --> 00:29:23.320 align:middle line:90%
FBI report-- June 3, 1963.

00:29:23.320 --> 00:29:26.230 align:middle line:84%
Technical surveillance installed
in Malcolm X residence.

00:29:26.230 --> 00:29:28.910 align:middle line:90%


00:29:28.910 --> 00:29:31.210 align:middle line:84%
The Honorable Elijah
Muhammad teaches us

00:29:31.210 --> 00:29:35.970 align:middle line:84%
that the best way to solve the
problem is complete separation.

00:29:35.970 --> 00:29:37.670 align:middle line:84%
Let the black man,
those of our people

00:29:37.670 --> 00:29:40.610 align:middle line:84%
in this country who want to,
have a country of our own

00:29:40.610 --> 00:29:42.320 align:middle line:84%
where we can go and
stand on our own feet

00:29:42.320 --> 00:29:44.030 align:middle line:84%
and solve our own
problems, and not

00:29:44.030 --> 00:29:47.030 align:middle line:84%
have to continue going to court
or waiting for some politician

00:29:47.030 --> 00:29:49.490 align:middle line:84%
to legislate for
another 100-or-two years

00:29:49.490 --> 00:29:50.990 align:middle line:84%
to prove that
we\'re human beings.

00:29:50.990 --> 00:29:53.810 align:middle line:84%
Mister moderator, I\'ve discussed
this with Minister Malcolm

00:29:53.810 --> 00:29:56.930 align:middle line:84%
before, and after seeing
Mississippi and Alabama

00:29:56.930 --> 00:29:58.870 align:middle line:84%
close up, I\'d be glad
to give him those states

00:29:58.870 --> 00:30:01.370 align:middle line:84%
if it were within
my power to do so.

00:30:01.370 --> 00:30:04.640 align:middle line:84%
I think we must understand that
Malcolm was standing outside

00:30:04.640 --> 00:30:06.980 align:middle line:84%
of the mainstream of the
civil rights struggle,

00:30:06.980 --> 00:30:10.370 align:middle line:84%
but he wanted desperately to
be a part of that mainstream

00:30:10.370 --> 00:30:12.500 align:middle line:84%
because he loved his
people devotedly.

00:30:12.500 --> 00:30:15.290 align:middle line:84%
Today they use tricks,
and one of the tricks

00:30:15.290 --> 00:30:18.205 align:middle line:84%
that they\'ve invented is
this token integration.

00:30:18.205 --> 00:30:21.380 align:middle line:84%
So if you have
so-called negro leaders

00:30:21.380 --> 00:30:25.310 align:middle line:84%
to accept a few token
crumbs of integration,

00:30:25.310 --> 00:30:27.980 align:middle line:84%
that don\'t solve any problem
for the masses of black people

00:30:27.980 --> 00:30:29.810 align:middle line:84%
in this country
whatsoever, but it

00:30:29.810 --> 00:30:32.870 align:middle line:84%
does make the
hand-picked negroes

00:30:32.870 --> 00:30:36.890 align:middle line:84%
be satisfied to slow down
the cry of the masses.

00:30:36.890 --> 00:30:38.900 align:middle line:84%
In his speeches he
opposed what they

00:30:38.900 --> 00:30:41.750 align:middle line:84%
were doing because that was
his doctrine, his dogma,

00:30:41.750 --> 00:30:43.640 align:middle line:84%
in the Nation of
Islam at that time.

00:30:43.640 --> 00:30:44.990 align:middle line:90%
They wanted separation.

00:30:44.990 --> 00:30:49.550 align:middle line:84%
You will never get real
freedom and recognition

00:30:49.550 --> 00:30:52.310 align:middle line:84%
between black and white
people in this country

00:30:52.310 --> 00:30:55.010 align:middle line:84%
without destroying the
country, without destroying

00:30:55.010 --> 00:30:58.040 align:middle line:84%
the present political
system, without destroying

00:30:58.040 --> 00:31:01.400 align:middle line:84%
the present economic
system, without rewriting

00:31:01.400 --> 00:31:02.690 align:middle line:90%
the entire constitution.

00:31:02.690 --> 00:31:05.780 align:middle line:84%
It\'ll be a complete
destruction of everything

00:31:05.780 --> 00:31:09.470 align:middle line:84%
that America
supposedly stands for.

00:31:09.470 --> 00:31:13.160 align:middle line:84%
The management of the Nation of
Islam tended to be bureaucrats,

00:31:13.160 --> 00:31:15.500 align:middle line:84%
and Malcolm was this
great public figure--

00:31:15.500 --> 00:31:20.210 align:middle line:84%
a charismatic leader, a
genius of modern media.

00:31:20.210 --> 00:31:24.260 align:middle line:84%
Probably in America anyway, the
first great media politician

00:31:24.260 --> 00:31:28.360 align:middle line:84%
I think before white elective
officials really caught

00:31:28.360 --> 00:31:35.200 align:middle line:84%
on to the game, Malcolm figured
it out and capitalized on that.

00:31:35.200 --> 00:31:38.240 align:middle line:84%
That provoked a lot of jealousy
among his fellow ministers,

00:31:38.240 --> 00:31:39.570 align:middle line:90%
but he really was different.

00:31:39.570 --> 00:31:42.050 align:middle line:84%
He was a public
man, they were not.

00:31:42.050 --> 00:31:55.260 align:middle line:90%


00:31:55.260 --> 00:32:00.870 align:middle line:84%
Malcolm X gradually
outgrew the narrow stage

00:32:00.870 --> 00:32:03.690 align:middle line:90%
of the Nation of Islam.

00:32:03.690 --> 00:32:07.110 align:middle line:84%
And on the eve of the
March on Washington,

00:32:07.110 --> 00:32:10.710 align:middle line:84%
this was shown in the
effect that Malcolm X

00:32:10.710 --> 00:32:16.012 align:middle line:84%
wanted the Nation to participate
in this march, in 1963.

00:32:16.012 --> 00:32:22.440 align:middle line:84%
It was not given
permission to do so.

00:32:22.440 --> 00:32:28.190 align:middle line:84%
Now is the time to make real
the promises of democracy.

00:32:28.190 --> 00:32:30.890 align:middle line:84%
On several dates during
February, March, and April

00:32:30.890 --> 00:32:33.590 align:middle line:84%
of 1963, there were
developing feelings

00:32:33.590 --> 00:32:36.230 align:middle line:84%
of resentment and animosity
against the subject

00:32:36.230 --> 00:32:40.010 align:middle line:84%
that is Malcolm X by members
of Elijah Muhammad\'s family.

00:32:40.010 --> 00:32:45.700 align:middle line:84%
Now is the time to rise from
the dark and desolate valley

00:32:45.700 --> 00:32:49.015 align:middle line:84%
of segregation to the sunlit
path of racial justice.

00:32:49.015 --> 00:33:01.650 align:middle line:90%


00:33:01.650 --> 00:33:05.750 align:middle line:84%
No, we are not satisfied,
and we will not be satisfied

00:33:05.750 --> 00:33:09.721 align:middle line:84%
until justice rolls down
like waters and righteousness

00:33:09.721 --> 00:33:11.194 align:middle line:90%
like a mighty stream.

00:33:11.194 --> 00:33:13.158 align:middle line:90%
[APPLAUSE]

00:33:13.158 --> 00:33:29.890 align:middle line:90%


00:33:29.890 --> 00:33:34.420 align:middle line:84%
Malcolm X began to see
the Nation in a broader

00:33:34.420 --> 00:33:41.980 align:middle line:84%
sense than Elijah Muhammad and
other people within the Nation.

00:33:41.980 --> 00:33:45.610 align:middle line:84%
He began to see the
mission of the Nation

00:33:45.610 --> 00:33:52.060 align:middle line:84%
as being much larger
than the original intent.

00:33:52.060 --> 00:33:55.720 align:middle line:84%
Malcolm X stopped being
just a Muslim leader,

00:33:55.720 --> 00:34:00.430 align:middle line:84%
and he became a leader
in black America.

00:34:00.430 --> 00:34:03.880 align:middle line:90%


00:34:03.880 --> 00:34:07.390 align:middle line:90%
This is the BBC Home Service.

00:34:07.390 --> 00:34:10.120 align:middle line:84%
It is with deep regret
that we announce

00:34:10.120 --> 00:34:13.236 align:middle line:90%
that President Kennedy is dead.

00:34:13.236 --> 00:34:17.105 align:middle line:84%
He was shot down as he was
driving in an open car--

00:34:17.105 --> 00:34:20.087 align:middle line:90%
[CRYING SOUNDS]

00:34:20.087 --> 00:34:48.949 align:middle line:90%


00:34:48.949 --> 00:34:52.520 align:middle line:84%
During that time, a call
came in from Chicago

00:34:52.520 --> 00:34:57.350 align:middle line:84%
during the time he was
silenced to Number 7 Mosque,

00:34:57.350 --> 00:35:02.390 align:middle line:84%
and it was said they were
told if Malcolm came back

00:35:02.390 --> 00:35:07.700 align:middle line:84%
to give him a job in a
restaurant washing dishes.

00:35:07.700 --> 00:35:13.380 align:middle line:84%
And I went and I told
him that call came in.

00:35:13.380 --> 00:35:17.300 align:middle line:84%
So he knew there was no way
that he could come back.

00:35:17.300 --> 00:35:30.170 align:middle line:90%


00:35:30.170 --> 00:35:34.090 align:middle line:84%
I\'ve run into some obstacles
in the Nation of Islam,

00:35:34.090 --> 00:35:37.720 align:middle line:84%
and I feel that I can best serve
the Honorable Elijah Muhammad\'s

00:35:37.720 --> 00:35:38.590 align:middle line:90%
purpose.

00:35:38.590 --> 00:35:42.280 align:middle line:84%
I feel I understand concerning
his objectives better

00:35:42.280 --> 00:35:44.760 align:middle line:84%
on the outside and
I can on the inside.

00:35:44.760 --> 00:35:48.220 align:middle line:84%
And now that I have the
independence of action,

00:35:48.220 --> 00:35:51.040 align:middle line:84%
it\'s my intention to
work with everybody

00:35:51.040 --> 00:35:53.930 align:middle line:84%
or against everybody,
whatever the case may be,

00:35:53.930 --> 00:35:56.650 align:middle line:84%
to try and get some kind
of immediate solution

00:35:56.650 --> 00:35:59.040 align:middle line:84%
to the problems that are
confronting our people.

00:35:59.040 --> 00:36:01.710 align:middle line:90%


00:36:01.710 --> 00:36:04.660 align:middle line:84%
I wrote to him on
quite a few occasions,

00:36:04.660 --> 00:36:10.630 align:middle line:84%
and I kept hoping I might get an
answer, but which I never did.

00:36:10.630 --> 00:36:15.490 align:middle line:84%
And then on June 6, he came over
to meet the Hiroshima-Nagasaki

00:36:15.490 --> 00:36:18.730 align:middle line:84%
World Peace Study
Mission writers.

00:36:18.730 --> 00:36:23.320 align:middle line:84%
And when I opened the door,
the first thing he said was,

00:36:23.320 --> 00:36:24.940 align:middle line:90%
I\'m sorry I didn\'t write.

00:36:24.940 --> 00:36:28.690 align:middle line:84%
I received all your letters,
but if I travel again,

00:36:28.690 --> 00:36:31.000 align:middle line:90%
I will write to you.

00:36:31.000 --> 00:36:33.150 align:middle line:84%
Little, under
alias Malik Shabazz

00:36:33.150 --> 00:36:38.860 align:middle line:84%
with passport number C294275,
departed JFK International

00:36:38.860 --> 00:36:39.760 align:middle line:90%
Airport.

00:36:39.760 --> 00:36:42.370 align:middle line:84%
Little has a one-way
ticket with itinerary New

00:36:42.370 --> 00:36:47.644 align:middle line:84%
York to Frankfurt to Cairo
to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

00:36:47.644 --> 00:36:52.150 align:middle line:84%
The journey was to Mecca to
make myself an authentic Muslim

00:36:52.150 --> 00:36:55.885 align:middle line:84%
and to give us direct
links, direct contacts,

00:36:55.885 --> 00:36:59.310 align:middle line:84%
direct communication and
cooperation with our brothers

00:36:59.310 --> 00:37:01.550 align:middle line:90%
and sisters all over Europe.

00:37:01.550 --> 00:37:04.665 align:middle line:84%
So the first step has been
taken, brothers and sisters,

00:37:04.665 --> 00:37:08.460 align:middle line:84%
since Gavi died to
actually establish contact

00:37:08.460 --> 00:37:11.474 align:middle line:84%
with our African brothers
on the African continent.

00:37:11.474 --> 00:37:45.760 align:middle line:90%


00:37:45.760 --> 00:37:48.940 align:middle line:84%
Greetings once again from
the cradle of civilization

00:37:48.940 --> 00:37:51.280 align:middle line:84%
where the recent African
summit conference was

00:37:51.280 --> 00:37:53.020 align:middle line:90%
a tremendous success.

00:37:53.020 --> 00:37:57.130 align:middle line:90%
Greetings also to your children.

00:37:57.130 --> 00:37:59.990 align:middle line:84%
Most significant were
the West African trips.

00:37:59.990 --> 00:38:03.910 align:middle line:84%
The meeting with the
organization of African Unity.

00:38:03.910 --> 00:38:08.050 align:middle line:84%
When he got a pledge from
eight African nations,

00:38:08.050 --> 00:38:10.750 align:middle line:84%
the problem of
the black American

00:38:10.750 --> 00:38:12.790 align:middle line:84%
would be taken to
the United Nations

00:38:12.790 --> 00:38:19.500 align:middle line:84%
as a human rights problem and
not as a civil rights problem.

00:38:19.500 --> 00:38:21.330 align:middle line:84%
We\'re involved in
an effort to get

00:38:21.330 --> 00:38:24.360 align:middle line:84%
the case, the continued
mistreatment of negroes

00:38:24.360 --> 00:38:28.220 align:middle line:84%
in this country, brought
before the United Nations.

00:38:28.220 --> 00:38:29.970 align:middle line:84%
Our effort is to try
and get it recognized

00:38:29.970 --> 00:38:33.210 align:middle line:84%
not as a negro problem or
a United States problem

00:38:33.210 --> 00:38:36.780 align:middle line:84%
but a world problem,
a human problem.

00:38:36.780 --> 00:38:39.180 align:middle line:84%
He would call me twice
a week telling me

00:38:39.180 --> 00:38:44.790 align:middle line:84%
where he had hid some money
for me, although as soon

00:38:44.790 --> 00:38:48.570 align:middle line:84%
as he would leave I would tear
the house up and never find it.

00:38:48.570 --> 00:38:51.510 align:middle line:84%
And then I would get
a specific letter

00:38:51.510 --> 00:38:56.220 align:middle line:84%
that would say, look here and
there, under, over, whatever.

00:38:56.220 --> 00:38:59.970 align:middle line:90%


00:38:59.970 --> 00:39:03.570 align:middle line:84%
I would, of course,
just light up.

00:39:03.570 --> 00:39:06.265 align:middle line:84%
So when he would call,
I would be very bubbly.

00:39:06.265 --> 00:39:08.640 align:middle line:84%
And he said, wait a minute,
wait a minute, wait a minute.

00:39:08.640 --> 00:39:11.490 align:middle line:84%
Is this that you\'re
happy I called,

00:39:11.490 --> 00:39:14.850 align:middle line:84%
or is this because
you love me, or is

00:39:14.850 --> 00:39:17.830 align:middle line:90%
it because you got some money?

00:39:17.830 --> 00:39:19.110 align:middle line:90%
And I would laugh.

00:39:19.110 --> 00:39:21.670 align:middle line:84%
Of course, I was pleased
to get the money.

00:39:21.670 --> 00:39:24.150 align:middle line:84%
But I would say,
all of the above

00:39:24.150 --> 00:39:26.520 align:middle line:84%
but more importantly
it\'s because I love you.

00:39:26.520 --> 00:39:29.760 align:middle line:90%


00:39:29.760 --> 00:39:31.260 align:middle line:84%
Many people in this
country who want

00:39:31.260 --> 00:39:33.390 align:middle line:84%
to see us the
minority and you don\'t

00:39:33.390 --> 00:39:36.060 align:middle line:84%
want to see us taking too
militant or too uncompromising

00:39:36.060 --> 00:39:41.130 align:middle line:84%
a stand are absolutely against
the successful regrouping

00:39:41.130 --> 00:39:44.700 align:middle line:84%
or organizing of any faction
in this country whose thought

00:39:44.700 --> 00:39:47.250 align:middle line:84%
and whose thinking pattern
is international rather

00:39:47.250 --> 00:39:50.030 align:middle line:90%
than national.

00:39:50.030 --> 00:39:52.250 align:middle line:84%
Well, I would say one of
the most important things

00:39:52.250 --> 00:39:55.880 align:middle line:84%
that he brought to the
black political outlook

00:39:55.880 --> 00:39:57.830 align:middle line:90%
is a more global point of view.

00:39:57.830 --> 00:40:01.010 align:middle line:84%
It\'s the one thing you
don\'t hear about very much.

00:40:01.010 --> 00:40:03.440 align:middle line:84%
People tend to concentrate
on his nationalism,

00:40:03.440 --> 00:40:08.600 align:middle line:84%
his views on whites, and how
his views on whites changed.

00:40:08.600 --> 00:40:12.500 align:middle line:84%
But his views about our
connections to other blacks

00:40:12.500 --> 00:40:15.770 align:middle line:84%
really fit within the tradition
of progressive black thinkers

00:40:15.770 --> 00:40:19.532 align:middle line:84%
like Dubois, who thought that
the third-world countries

00:40:19.532 --> 00:40:20.990 align:middle line:84%
and the colonized
African countries

00:40:20.990 --> 00:40:27.800 align:middle line:84%
should go to the UN in
1919 to plead their case.

00:40:27.800 --> 00:40:30.190 align:middle line:84%
Greetings from the ancient
Valley of the Kings,

00:40:30.190 --> 00:40:31.750 align:middle line:90%
here in Luxor.

00:40:31.750 --> 00:40:34.570 align:middle line:84%
After seven weeks amid
the archaeological sites

00:40:34.570 --> 00:40:38.880 align:middle line:84%
of the ancient Nile, I feel
like an expert in Egyptology,

00:40:38.880 --> 00:40:42.550 align:middle line:84%
but I haven\'t forgotten our
own problem there in the States

00:40:42.550 --> 00:40:45.353 align:middle line:84%
even for one minute
nor neglected it.

00:40:45.353 --> 00:40:46.020 align:middle line:90%
Brother Malcolm.

00:40:46.020 --> 00:40:50.840 align:middle line:90%


00:40:50.840 --> 00:40:53.740 align:middle line:84%
In one of his trips
there, he told me that--

00:40:53.740 --> 00:40:57.050 align:middle line:84%
he said the way they told
him, you took this man

00:40:57.050 --> 00:40:59.948 align:middle line:84%
and substituted him
for the real Muhammad.

00:40:59.948 --> 00:41:03.434 align:middle line:90%


00:41:03.434 --> 00:41:09.870 align:middle line:84%
And you created an image
that\'s the same as an idol.

00:41:09.870 --> 00:41:13.470 align:middle line:84%
And you caused the people
to worship that image

00:41:13.470 --> 00:41:19.450 align:middle line:84%
and come and sacrifice their
wealth, sacrifice their money,

00:41:19.450 --> 00:41:21.900 align:middle line:84%
their daughters,
everything to this image

00:41:21.900 --> 00:41:24.700 align:middle line:90%
that you helped to create.

00:41:24.700 --> 00:41:27.990 align:middle line:84%
And in Islam, that\'s one
of the uppermost crimes

00:41:27.990 --> 00:41:29.850 align:middle line:90%
that you can commit.

00:41:29.850 --> 00:41:33.090 align:middle line:84%
And they said that he
would have to pay for that.

00:41:33.090 --> 00:41:36.230 align:middle line:90%


00:41:36.230 --> 00:41:42.650 align:middle line:84%
On July 5, 1964, subject
Malcolm X was in contact with--

00:41:42.650 --> 00:41:44.960 align:middle line:84%
and here the names
have been taken out--

00:41:44.960 --> 00:41:49.526 align:middle line:84%
told him that orders to kill
Malcolm X came in from Chicago.

00:41:49.526 --> 00:41:51.830 align:middle line:84%
If Elijah Muhammad is the
leader of the black people

00:41:51.830 --> 00:41:53.870 align:middle line:84%
in this country as
he professes, then he

00:41:53.870 --> 00:41:56.210 align:middle line:84%
should be concerned with
the brutal treatment

00:41:56.210 --> 00:41:58.940 align:middle line:84%
that our people are receiving
in the state of Mississippi

00:41:58.940 --> 00:42:01.550 align:middle line:84%
and send his well-trained
fruit of Islam

00:42:01.550 --> 00:42:04.340 align:middle line:84%
down there to protect our people
instead of sending them out

00:42:04.340 --> 00:42:06.920 align:middle line:84%
here in the street to
attack former Muslims who

00:42:06.920 --> 00:42:10.940 align:middle line:84%
don\'t want to go along
with his program anymore.

00:42:10.940 --> 00:42:13.718 align:middle line:84%
In 1964, I was
told that there was

00:42:13.718 --> 00:42:16.010 align:middle line:84%
going to be a new black
nationalist organization formed

00:42:16.010 --> 00:42:17.630 align:middle line:84%
by a friend of
mine, and she asked

00:42:17.630 --> 00:42:20.030 align:middle line:84%
me did I want to be a part
of it, and I said yes.

00:42:20.030 --> 00:42:21.320 align:middle line:90%
So it was all very mysterious.

00:42:21.320 --> 00:42:24.160 align:middle line:84%
She said, I\'ll call you on
Saturday morning at 8:00

00:42:24.160 --> 00:42:26.720 align:middle line:84%
and tell you what
time and where to go.

00:42:26.720 --> 00:42:29.080 align:middle line:84%
I went to the place
where I was told to go,

00:42:29.080 --> 00:42:30.805 align:middle line:84%
and I had been there
about 20 minutes

00:42:30.805 --> 00:42:32.680 align:middle line:84%
when brother Malcolm
walked through the door.

00:42:32.680 --> 00:42:34.853 align:middle line:84%
And that was the
first time I realized

00:42:34.853 --> 00:42:37.520 align:middle line:84%
that I was going to be a part of
forming an organization that he

00:42:37.520 --> 00:42:39.380 align:middle line:90%
was involved in.

00:42:39.380 --> 00:42:40.310 align:middle line:90%
It was a tremendous--

00:42:40.310 --> 00:42:43.490 align:middle line:84%
I mean, I sat there and looked,
and I was introduced to him

00:42:43.490 --> 00:42:44.510 align:middle line:90%
for the first time.

00:42:44.510 --> 00:42:46.047 align:middle line:84%
And then we sat
down at this table,

00:42:46.047 --> 00:42:48.380 align:middle line:84%
and from those meetings-- we
had several more meetings--

00:42:48.380 --> 00:42:51.380 align:middle line:84%
we formed the Organization
of Afro-American Unity.

00:42:51.380 --> 00:42:54.650 align:middle line:84%
We need an organization
that no one downtown loves.

00:42:54.650 --> 00:42:57.080 align:middle line:84%
We need one that\'s ready
and willing to take

00:42:57.080 --> 00:43:00.350 align:middle line:90%
action, any kind of action.

00:43:00.350 --> 00:43:04.760 align:middle line:84%
Not when the man downtown we
see fit, but when we see fit,

00:43:04.760 --> 00:43:08.450 align:middle line:90%
by any means necessary.

00:43:08.450 --> 00:43:12.110 align:middle line:84%
Malcolm called me
up late in 1964.

00:43:12.110 --> 00:43:15.110 align:middle line:84%
He then came to my home
to discuss it with me,

00:43:15.110 --> 00:43:16.610 align:middle line:84%
and he brought with
him a bodyguard.

00:43:16.610 --> 00:43:18.902 align:middle line:84%
I asked him why he brought
the bodyguard, if he thought

00:43:18.902 --> 00:43:20.220 align:middle line:90%
I was going to kill him.

00:43:20.220 --> 00:43:21.680 align:middle line:90%
Malcolm said, no, brother James.

00:43:21.680 --> 00:43:23.630 align:middle line:84%
You\'re not going to
kill me, but there

00:43:23.630 --> 00:43:26.930 align:middle line:84%
are people after me and
they\'re going to get me.

00:43:26.930 --> 00:43:30.508 align:middle line:84%
Former assistant to Malcolm X
at Mosque Number 7 informs him

00:43:30.508 --> 00:43:32.300 align:middle line:84%
he has been instructed
by a mosque official

00:43:32.300 --> 00:43:35.970 align:middle line:84%
to wire Malcolm\'s
car with a bomb.

00:43:35.970 --> 00:43:39.660 align:middle line:84%
He would come and talk
with me about what

00:43:39.660 --> 00:43:41.520 align:middle line:90%
he could see shaping up.

00:43:41.520 --> 00:43:43.470 align:middle line:84%
And I would tell him,
well, why don\'t you

00:43:43.470 --> 00:43:47.430 align:middle line:84%
just forget about the whole
thing and go on over to Africa

00:43:47.430 --> 00:43:50.225 align:middle line:84%
or someplace where
they\'d like to have you

00:43:50.225 --> 00:43:53.558 align:middle line:84%
and just stay there and
let things cool off?

00:43:53.558 --> 00:44:20.780 align:middle line:90%


00:44:20.780 --> 00:44:24.230 align:middle line:84%
What has happened, and most
Europeans don\'t realize it--

00:44:24.230 --> 00:44:26.240 align:middle line:90%
time has changed.

00:44:26.240 --> 00:44:30.200 align:middle line:84%
And time has changed,
the power has changed.

00:44:30.200 --> 00:44:33.170 align:middle line:84%
One of the things you noticed
about Malcolm instantly

00:44:33.170 --> 00:44:37.280 align:middle line:84%
on meeting him was his
unusual intelligence.

00:44:37.280 --> 00:44:40.040 align:middle line:84%
This was a fantastic
intelligence

00:44:40.040 --> 00:44:42.350 align:middle line:90%
that learned very swiftly.

00:44:42.350 --> 00:44:45.980 align:middle line:84%
When he listened to you,
he was listening totally

00:44:45.980 --> 00:44:47.960 align:middle line:90%
if you had anything to say.

00:44:47.960 --> 00:44:50.210 align:middle line:84%
And as the people
in Africa and Asia

00:44:50.210 --> 00:44:54.020 align:middle line:84%
get some power of their own,
they get a mind of their own.

00:44:54.020 --> 00:44:55.950 align:middle line:84%
They start seeing
with their own eyes,

00:44:55.950 --> 00:44:57.680 align:middle line:84%
and listening with
their own ears,

00:44:57.680 --> 00:44:59.150 align:middle line:84%
and speaking with
their own mouth,

00:44:59.150 --> 00:45:02.750 align:middle line:84%
and coming to definitions
from their own brain.

00:45:02.750 --> 00:45:05.420 align:middle line:84%
The European definition
now isn\'t necessarily

00:45:05.420 --> 00:45:07.130 align:middle line:90%
the definition.

00:45:07.130 --> 00:45:12.440 align:middle line:84%
He had met with some of the
leading political thinkers

00:45:12.440 --> 00:45:18.230 align:middle line:90%
and activists in Africa--

00:45:18.230 --> 00:45:22.400 align:middle line:90%
Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere.

00:45:22.400 --> 00:45:25.130 align:middle line:84%
He had had long talks
with these folk,

00:45:25.130 --> 00:45:28.310 align:middle line:84%
and he had learned
instantly from them

00:45:28.310 --> 00:45:31.310 align:middle line:84%
that the world was
far more complex

00:45:31.310 --> 00:45:34.460 align:middle line:84%
than the world of Harlem and
the inner cities of the United

00:45:34.460 --> 00:45:36.110 align:middle line:90%
States.

00:45:36.110 --> 00:45:38.990 align:middle line:84%
Malcolm remarked that on a
radio program in Chicago known

00:45:38.990 --> 00:45:43.760 align:middle line:84%
as Hotline, John Ali, National
Secretary of the Muslims,

00:45:43.760 --> 00:45:45.440 align:middle line:84%
had been asked by
a telephone caller

00:45:45.440 --> 00:45:47.570 align:middle line:84%
if it was true that the
Muslim movement was trying

00:45:47.570 --> 00:45:50.690 align:middle line:84%
to kill Malcolm X.
According to Malcolm,

00:45:50.690 --> 00:45:53.840 align:middle line:84%
John Ali replied that they
were trying to kill Malcolm X

00:45:53.840 --> 00:45:55.073 align:middle line:90%
and that he should be killed.

00:45:55.073 --> 00:46:00.640 align:middle line:90%


00:46:00.640 --> 00:46:03.100 align:middle line:84%
I wanted you to know
that my house was bombed.

00:46:03.100 --> 00:46:05.830 align:middle line:84%
It was bombed by the
black Muslim movement

00:46:05.830 --> 00:46:09.100 align:middle line:84%
upon the orders of
Elijah Muhammad.

00:46:09.100 --> 00:46:14.030 align:middle line:84%
The fire hit the window and it
woke up my second oldest baby,

00:46:14.030 --> 00:46:16.030 align:middle line:84%
but the fire burned on
the outside of the house.

00:46:16.030 --> 00:46:18.850 align:middle line:84%
But had that fire, had that
one gone through that window,

00:46:18.850 --> 00:46:21.010 align:middle line:84%
it would have fallen
on a six-year-old girl,

00:46:21.010 --> 00:46:23.440 align:middle line:84%
a four-year-old girl,
and a two-year-old girl.

00:46:23.440 --> 00:46:26.470 align:middle line:84%
And I\'m going to tell you, if it
had done it, I\'d taken my rifle

00:46:26.470 --> 00:46:28.213 align:middle line:90%
and gone after anybody in sight.

00:46:28.213 --> 00:46:31.460 align:middle line:90%


00:46:31.460 --> 00:46:36.530 align:middle line:84%
The Nation of Islam by that
time was thoroughly infiltrated.

00:46:36.530 --> 00:46:39.800 align:middle line:84%
They could not plan a
stroll in Central Park

00:46:39.800 --> 00:46:41.750 align:middle line:90%
without the FBI knowing it.

00:46:41.750 --> 00:46:46.580 align:middle line:84%
So at the very least,
they were aware of plans

00:46:46.580 --> 00:46:50.300 align:middle line:84%
to assassinate brother Malcolm
and did nothing to stop it.

00:46:50.300 --> 00:46:53.660 align:middle line:84%
At worst, they were
the puppeteers.

00:46:53.660 --> 00:46:57.920 align:middle line:84%
I\'m not particularly concerned
with how bad it makes me look.

00:46:57.920 --> 00:47:02.210 align:middle line:84%
My prime concern is to expose
it to the fullest of my ability.

00:47:02.210 --> 00:47:05.624 align:middle line:84%
Let the chips fall
where they may.

00:47:05.624 --> 00:47:11.600 align:middle line:90%
[SOMBER OPERATIC MUSIC]

00:47:11.600 --> 00:48:36.758 align:middle line:90%


00:48:36.758 --> 00:48:41.720 align:middle line:84%
[INAUDIBLE] Unity funeral
home in the center of Harlem,

00:48:41.720 --> 00:48:45.190 align:middle line:84%
and this is also the place
where Malcolm was laid to rest.

00:48:45.190 --> 00:48:50.290 align:middle line:84%
Prior to his funeral at Child
Memorial Baptist Church,

00:48:50.290 --> 00:48:52.870 align:middle line:84%
many of us came, myself
included, several times

00:48:52.870 --> 00:48:55.810 align:middle line:84%
to pay our respects
and pay homage

00:48:55.810 --> 00:48:58.120 align:middle line:84%
to reflect upon the life
and legend of this man,

00:48:58.120 --> 00:49:00.280 align:middle line:90%
particularly in his last year.

00:49:00.280 --> 00:49:03.550 align:middle line:84%
And his funeral parlor has
grown to be kind of a landmark

00:49:03.550 --> 00:49:08.920 align:middle line:84%
because it enhances what we were
in life, what we are in life,

00:49:08.920 --> 00:49:12.130 align:middle line:84%
and what we came
from Malcolm\'s death.

00:49:12.130 --> 00:49:14.320 align:middle line:84%
And this funeral parlor
also, the name of it--

00:49:14.320 --> 00:49:18.240 align:middle line:84%
Unity-- is what Malcolm
was about in his last days.

00:49:18.240 --> 00:49:24.228 align:middle line:90%


00:49:24.228 --> 00:49:26.723 align:middle line:90%
Was no love lost.

00:49:26.723 --> 00:49:28.730 align:middle line:90%
Was no compromise.

00:49:28.730 --> 00:49:30.880 align:middle line:90%
Was no negotiation.

00:49:30.880 --> 00:49:33.974 align:middle line:84%
I\'m telling you, you don\'t
know what our revolution is.

00:49:33.974 --> 00:49:35.862 align:middle line:84%
Because when you
find out what it is,

00:49:35.862 --> 00:49:37.750 align:middle line:90%
you\'ll get back in the alley.

00:49:37.750 --> 00:49:40.150 align:middle line:84%
While civil rights
leaders were talking

00:49:40.150 --> 00:49:42.760 align:middle line:84%
to the moral conscience
of the broad culture,

00:49:42.760 --> 00:49:44.620 align:middle line:84%
Malcolm was talking
to black people.

00:49:44.620 --> 00:49:47.890 align:middle line:84%
And I think in a sense young
people are saying to us,

00:49:47.890 --> 00:49:50.512 align:middle line:84%
we need somebody to
talk directly to us.

00:49:50.512 --> 00:49:51.970 align:middle line:84%
And then many of
us who were around

00:49:51.970 --> 00:49:55.930 align:middle line:84%
before coming home because
we found that we are also

00:49:55.930 --> 00:49:59.710 align:middle line:84%
very angry still realizing
we live in a country

00:49:59.710 --> 00:50:02.160 align:middle line:84%
where a Rodney King
incident can happen,

00:50:02.160 --> 00:50:04.330 align:middle line:84%
where police brutality
is probably more

00:50:04.330 --> 00:50:06.920 align:middle line:90%
widespread than 25 years ago.

00:50:06.920 --> 00:50:10.990 align:middle line:84%
And we also want within the
community to have a dialogue,

00:50:10.990 --> 00:50:14.120 align:middle line:84%
if not with leadership
with ourselves.

00:50:14.120 --> 00:50:15.940 align:middle line:84%
But I think the young
people in a sense

00:50:15.940 --> 00:50:19.107 align:middle line:84%
are asking for leadership,
and they deserve it.

00:50:19.107 --> 00:50:23.490 align:middle line:90%
[SMOOTH JAZZ MUSIC]

00:50:23.490 --> 00:50:35.690 align:middle line:90%


00:50:35.690 --> 00:50:39.010 align:middle line:84%
He was important
because he was what

00:50:39.010 --> 00:50:43.550 align:middle line:84%
the timid people in West Africa
call a truth-teller that they

00:50:43.550 --> 00:50:46.310 align:middle line:84%
say every 1,000
moons one is born

00:50:46.310 --> 00:50:50.420 align:middle line:84%
and they tell the truth
regardless of the cost.

00:50:50.420 --> 00:50:55.490 align:middle line:84%
And he told the black
people of America the truth

00:50:55.490 --> 00:50:59.930 align:middle line:84%
about themselves in an
unvarnished, ruthless, eloquent

00:50:59.930 --> 00:51:00.920 align:middle line:90%
manner.

00:51:00.920 --> 00:51:06.080 align:middle line:84%
He analyzed the situation
of the dispossessed blacks,

00:51:06.080 --> 00:51:08.780 align:middle line:84%
and that analysis is
still a valid one.

00:51:08.780 --> 00:51:14.895 align:middle line:84%
That\'s why the memory of
him lives the way it does.

00:51:14.895 --> 00:51:20.980 align:middle line:90%


00:51:20.980 --> 00:51:29.860 align:middle line:84%
We can see today that Malcolm is
being resurrected, so to speak.

00:51:29.860 --> 00:51:33.460 align:middle line:84%
And hopefully it will
have a positive effect

00:51:33.460 --> 00:51:36.340 align:middle line:84%
on our young people,
and that they

00:51:36.340 --> 00:51:39.290 align:middle line:90%
will take this positive side.

00:51:39.290 --> 00:51:42.490 align:middle line:84%
I mean, I don\'t know of any
negative side that he had,

00:51:42.490 --> 00:51:45.310 align:middle line:84%
but that they will
follow him in terms

00:51:45.310 --> 00:51:49.130 align:middle line:84%
of the search for knowledge,
and to expand their thinking,

00:51:49.130 --> 00:51:52.690 align:middle line:84%
and to study sciences
and academics,

00:51:52.690 --> 00:51:55.190 align:middle line:84%
and prepare themselves
for a world to come.

00:51:55.190 --> 00:51:58.960 align:middle line:84%
This world is not ruled
by ignorant people.

00:51:58.960 --> 00:52:04.110 align:middle line:90%
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:52:04.110 --> 00:52:36.075 align:middle line:90%