WEBVTT

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In 1970 the International Committee
of the Red Cross

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decides to send to Brazil,
specifically to the Amazon,

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One delegation, one mission
with three foreigners,

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none of them were Brazilian,

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to investigate the situation
of indigenous people in Brazil.

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What the International Committee Received

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and received very often in these documents

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of activists, church environmentalists,
they were reports that spoke of genocide.

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So the reports of these documents, not only
of the International Committee of the Red Cross,

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but also the UN archives, the UNHCR archives,
show in a clear way

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that these meetings between Brazilian diplomats
and UN officials,

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revealed the strategy

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to smother among the international community
the fact that there is a problem in Brazil.

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And how was this done?
It was done quite simply: with lies.

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\"Occasionally, there have been deaths of
Indian, there have been deaths of white people,\"

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\"but never in this sense of
genocide, of race extermination.\"

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\"This is entirely untrue
in terms of politics...\"

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- The government always wanted
the Red Cross to omit the genocide.

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The government\'s fear was that
this expression took shape

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and there was a question
about the military regime itself,

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about its legality,

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which was totally in violation of the constitution of the time.

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The government then wanted
that the indigenist issue

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was not used
in international forums

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as an instrument of contestation
of the regime as a whole.

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\"And we have, in fact, lately even provided\"

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\"Scientist visits,
of journalists,\"

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\"from the president himself, from the whole world,
who want to come here and observe\"

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\"what we do in relation to our Indian.
We are ready to show.\"

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International pressure increases and
the government has the idea

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to allow a team
of the Red Cross to come to Brazil,

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to make a survey, a trip
which was all controlled by the military,

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the script was previously
established together with them.

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Part of the expenses the military government paid for.

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A condition.

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A very, very, specific condition:

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It would be a commission to evaluate the
medical issue of indigenous peoples,

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the health issue of that population.

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And only.

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In other words:

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extermination is taking place.

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You have a recognized international status,
this existence,

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and you have a government
who also knew all this.

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That responsibility is criminal.

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And that responsibility
so far no one has taken over.

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\"Assume the government in
decisive hour of modern history\"

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\"the general
Emilio Garrastazu Medici,\"

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\"the 28th president of the Republic of Brazil
and the 3rd of the revolutionary period.\"

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So when the government comes in 1970
and takes off the paper the Transamazônica,

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the government has in mind a series
of works, they are works

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like a fishbone,
let\'s say,

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we have the main vein and
several that communicate with it.

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This photo shows the general
Bandeira de Melo, the president of Funai.

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More or less shows the schematic of what
they imagined it would be possible.

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These highways, almost all pass
by indigenous territory, if not all.

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When I saw in the newspaper

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that the Medici president
announced the construction of a road,

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I say: \"boy, this will pass in the land of the Indian\".
Then I talked to Edson.

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We talked.

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\"Do you like to design\",
then we start at night,

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We used to go to Edson\'s house,

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and Edson elaborating,
and I said \"Edson, like this...\"

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And Edson \"boy, how do we do it?\"

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Costa Cavalcanti goes to the congress,
an explanation of the trans-Amazonian.

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Then Edson said:
\"I have a deputy friend from Paraíba\".

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Then he gave 4 or 5 more questions for the deputy to ask
Minister Costa Cavalcanti.

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Then Cavalcanti explained
and the deputy asked the questions,

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and Costa Cavalcanti did not know how to respond.
He got worried, it came out in the papers...

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And Paulo Monteiro, who was the director
from the Research Department...

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I said \"Mr Paulo, we already have
a work on the Trans-Amazonian\".

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- \"Do you have it!?\"
- \"Yes, everything is ready\".

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- \"Bring it to me!\"
I called Edson...

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Then we showed it, and he: \"boy!\"

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With this work,
they raised immediate resources,

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that were bigger than
the budget of the entire Funai.

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There, later, they already called a general,

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General Ismarth, to direct.

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They\'ve already brought in a reserve general,

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the general put a lot of general in there...

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I say \"that one screwed up...\"

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This is going to be another stealing thing,
they are already swelling the \"machine\" here.

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We used to live... We were there, look.

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Then the plane passed by, low.

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They landed there in the other field, to
find the other one who came back there,

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the surveyors, who were many.
There were over 300 surveyors to do this here.

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And then we walked away from our villages in fear.

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Here we are divided,

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watching if they were going to kill us.

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Everyone with arrows, ready.

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Then three came wanting to talk to
the Tuxaua, at the time it was Tuxaua.

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Then they said they were going to do the road.

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First time we\'ve heard about the road, right?

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Then we said, \"Which road will it be?\"

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The military government and
the construction company itself

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didn\'t want to know
if there were indigenous people, right?

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They say that there are no indigenous people here.

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The Tenharim indigenous peoples,
the Kagwahiva have always resided here.

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As my chief says,
since the foundation of the world.

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\"Amazon, it represents 59%, that is,
more than half of our territory.\"

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\"It was necessary to definitively incorporate it into the
Brazil and for that they are being opened...\"

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A project I call
military occupation, because that\'s basically it,

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this disregards the indigenous presence.

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The Indian did not enter
in the military plan of occupation,

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he was a detail, he was
a barrier, a hindrance.

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At the time it became famous
a statement from a general

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saying there was none
human group that he did not withdraw

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out of the way of a road, he was able
to withdraw any human group.

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In a challenge to the Indians.

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there was no opposition
and there was no freedom of press.

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So it was an overwhelming project
of conquest, in quotes,

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of this so-called void.

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When the Transamazônica was implemented in Belém,

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a plane left with the minister
Costa Cavalcanti

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and called Bandeira de Melo.

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And Bandeira de Melo called me to go along with them.

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\"Any question, you go with me.\"
I was...

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But you already see the level of corruption.

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When the time comes, we see,
in the hotel where we were,

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an event ends, I only saw movement.
Go there, go here... \"What is this?\"

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Then the guy says:

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\"It\'s a mansion owned by a deputy
who is hosting a barbecue there.\"

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I arrive at the farm and there is a lot
of call girls in bikini,

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What place is that...

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The guy was the representative of Mendes Júnior.

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Then he said \"look, it\'s all paid,
you can have it all there,\"

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\"spend eight days, it\'s all paid off\".

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Mendes has already paid for everything here.

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\"The legend is erased,
and goes up, wrapped in another magic:\"

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\"the magic of development.\"

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\"It is the new Amazon that appears, giving birth
to the Trans-Amazonian from its green womb,\"

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\"a road that connects to
highways departing from the sea:\"

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\"Recife, João Pessoa, reaching the borders of Peru.\"

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\"There are 2475 km hard-won in
forest with one goal: integration.\"

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We didn\'t know, no one was consulted.

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Then when it stopped here, it was no longer possible.

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And then they let us know when
the road was already here,

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almost in the middle of the trip,

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that the road was coming.

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The white chief said to our Tuxaua:
\"here will pass a road,

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which is a big thing,
just like a river.\"

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\"It will be open, you will have access,

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you will use it for
your whole life.\"

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\"The works of the different points of the great highway\"

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\"continues at a rapid pace.\"

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\"Machines have become a
constant element of the landscape.\"

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\"The forests are cut down and little by little
the roadbed appears.\"

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See all that green move,
it was scary.

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We asked ourselves:
\"What are we going to do?\"

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Fear took over.

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They were tearing down the village houses.

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I thought the world was going to end, you know?

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The road was opening

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and the residents were following
the machinery bundling the sites.

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The road passed through the sacred houses and cemeteries.

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Trees being thrown everywhere.

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When they arrived there in Ju\'I,
in Jiahui village,

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They dropped everything there.

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Then the Jiahui disappeared. They ran, right?

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Tractors drove by, tearing down everything, the houses, the village.

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It went over, right in the middle.

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Now I ask you: there is no Law here, is there?

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The miners came along to do research

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mining in our lands.

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And at the same time, the farmers themselves

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have already been subdividing our indigenous lands.

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Here it has already been sold.

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They divided each lot for them, they
didn\'t ask if it had an owner or not.

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He arrived here saying \"Here will be
my lot!\". And then they marked

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2 km of bottom and 10 km of front,

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as if it were their reserve.

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When we saw it take down there,
That\'s where we went crazy.

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Our forests are over.

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There\'s a sawmill in the middle of the reserve, here.

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There was another one here.

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The impact it had
with the surrounding society...

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The workers of the construction companies themselves
brought many diseases:

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Chickenpox, measles.

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diarrhea.

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Malaria appeared that
we have never seen,

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flu, tuberculosis.

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Then came the mumps.

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It stiffened the entire neck.

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I couldn\'t open my mouth, right?

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Diseases began to mingle
inside of me.

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Bleeding and allergy started to appear
on my skin, on my arms and legs.

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Non-indigenous people didn\'t even care about us.

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There was no remedy.

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My hand was full of clotted blood,
I had internal bleeding.

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Most were sick.
Most of the children were sick

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and some children who weren\'t
infected had no one to take care of them.

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They stood around the house, circling,
unaware of what was going on.

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Then, right here, right after, it was whooping cough.

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That one that was... \"It\'s really over, isn\'t it?\"

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Cough, cough, cough... And it turns purple, right?

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Then the kids couldn\'t take it either.

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Highlighted here. Child would die.

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It was serious, I don\'t even want to tell
a lot of it, friend.

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That this impresses me a lot, out of anger, you know?
makes me angry

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when I talk about it,

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because I went through it,
watching it from there

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child die, friend.

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It wasn\'t easy for us.

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every father who saw
your children dying unintentionally...

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Unintentionally, like this... It seems that...

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There\'s a lot of cemetery here.

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Cemetery over there, cemetery over there... There\'s a lot.

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There\'s on the other side...

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There\'s a lot.

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They interrupted the Marmelo River

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so that the water does not pass,
to pass the machinery.

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So this part here has dried up,

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and the dirt that the machinery has degraded,
that devastated the forests,

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came down here killing the fish.

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We had no other way
other than drinking dirty water.

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It gave us diarrhea,

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the kids couldn\'t stand it...
Children died,

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we had no treatment

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the company did not offer medicine...

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The company continued to work.

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\"Health is essential for men
who are pioneering the region,\"

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\"integrating it into the national economy,\"

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\"and discovering their riches
and its potentials.\"

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It got to the point where...

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the natives were dying,

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because there was no treatment,

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there was no medicine.

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Not being able to do the funeral,

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unable to bury the other relative,
because we weren\'t able to.

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They were dragging the
development with everything.

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They didn\'t want to know if there were people
here, indians,

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traditional communities... They treated
people like animals, like animals.

00:22:16.325 --> 00:22:18.135
we were many

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we were around almost 2200 Jiahui.

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And with this opening of the Transamazônica,

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it decimated our people.

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We were only 7 people.

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There was a company representative
who came to look at the indigenous people.

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I had gone fishing up there,
as usual to this day.

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The representative selected me,
and said to my father \"I\'ll take your son.\"

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my mother cried,
she didn\'t want me to go.

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I didn\'t want to go either.
I was afraid.

00:23:24.874 --> 00:23:30.838
\"You\'ll have to go,
I\'ll teach you how to work.\"

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Since I didn\'t understand, I had no choice.
He forced me,

00:23:35.968 --> 00:23:38.679
me and other young people who were with me.

00:23:45.345 --> 00:23:48.135
They took them by force.

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I had no choice.
And they began to mistreat them.

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One year approximately
they spent working there.

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There was no food for us.
We were hungry.

00:24:04.580 --> 00:24:08.122
In the afternoon they offered preserves,
but we didn\'t know it.

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As I took my bow and arrow,
I hunted fish to avoid starvation.

00:24:11.555 --> 00:24:16.155
We suffered, it was rain day and night.

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We carried our ranchu on our backs,

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Barefoot, we didn\'t even have sandals.

00:24:22.115 --> 00:24:26.535
It was, suffering.
We were all hurt.

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It took months and months of work,
dropping on the arm.

00:24:33.255 --> 00:24:40.895
Then they came back with us,
and we got nothing.

00:24:40.895 --> 00:24:43.744
Not for our family.

00:24:47.175 --> 00:24:51.085
The first company was Camargo Corrêa and DNER.

00:24:51.085 --> 00:24:56.090
Then came Paranapanema
to complete the full service.

00:24:57.505 --> 00:24:58.935
Until today,

00:24:58.935 --> 00:25:02.615
of this... Of the service that we
made for the firm,

00:25:02.615 --> 00:25:03.806
we didn\'t see anything.

00:25:07.185 --> 00:25:11.365
The white man says they basically used them as slaves.

00:25:11.365 --> 00:25:13.482
Slaves, by Dnit.

00:25:14.317 --> 00:25:18.321
Dnit had this done to us, just because we were Indians.

00:25:18.946 --> 00:25:22.895
Because my grandfather, my grandfathers,
they all went through it.

00:25:22.895 --> 00:25:25.912
Unable to defend themselves,
unable to manifest,

00:25:25.912 --> 00:25:29.457
because they practically didn\'t speak Portuguese.

00:25:31.245 --> 00:25:33.955
To this day we feel the pain.

00:25:33.955 --> 00:25:36.785
And the disease no longer ends through the Trans-Amazonian.

00:25:36.785 --> 00:25:40.185
When I made a statement in court I said

00:25:40.185 --> 00:25:44.055
that we no longer want to be mistreated by any government.

00:25:44.055 --> 00:25:47.815
\"The government has to respect us\"
I told them. Because it\'s enough.

00:25:47.815 --> 00:25:49.855
What do we suffer today?

00:25:49.855 --> 00:25:52.315
Today we suffer

00:25:52.315 --> 00:25:55.316
invasion of indigenous lands,
illegal logging,

00:25:55.316 --> 00:25:58.095
entry of prospectors, land grabbers.

00:25:58.095 --> 00:26:03.245
And our indigenous land,
land of Marmelo, is surrounded by invaders.

00:26:03.245 --> 00:26:09.225
Here around our reserve of the
Kagwahiva people, they will build

00:26:09.250 --> 00:26:11.051
He says it will be built

00:26:11.335 --> 00:26:13.795
the Tabajara hydroelectric plant.

00:26:13.795 --> 00:26:15.265
Here there is a people.

00:26:15.265 --> 00:26:20.695
It\'s a small group, it\'s the Kagwahiva group
who left us and decided to stay there.

00:26:20.695 --> 00:26:23.895
And if this dam happens

00:26:23.895 --> 00:26:26.514
of this company\'s idea,

00:26:26.514 --> 00:26:29.195
it will flood it all here.

00:26:29.195 --> 00:26:31.560
And the Indians who are there,
where are they going?

00:26:46.175 --> 00:26:50.015
We indigenous peoples are not
here to impede development,

00:26:50.015 --> 00:26:54.235
but what we want is respect,
and not development anyway,

00:26:54.235 --> 00:26:58.775
trampling, killing the
traditional communities.

00:26:58.775 --> 00:27:02.049
We have a lot to contribute to society,

00:27:02.049 --> 00:27:05.545
because we conserve this nature

00:27:05.545 --> 00:27:08.935
and we keep the trees whole,
we don\'t kill them.

00:27:08.935 --> 00:27:10.115
We take care.

00:27:17.925 --> 00:27:20.692
Our land is non-negotiable.

00:27:20.692 --> 00:27:23.275
Our land is untouchable.

00:27:23.275 --> 00:27:27.205
This is sacred to us. Why?
Because we depend on it.

00:27:58.275 --> 00:28:04.205
In 2019, the court condemned the Indian National Foundation and the
Federal government for violations against the Tenharim and Jiahui
people during the construction of the Trans-Amazonic road.

00:28:04.275 --> 00:28:08.205
It affected at least 29 indegenous people, from which 11 lived
in isolation, and meant the extermination of thousands of people.

00:28:08.275 --> 00:28:12.205
Other roads built during the dictatorship are BR-174, BR-210 and BR-163.
Like the Trans-Amazonic road, they left a trail of destruction and death.