WEBVTT

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The struggle of our parents\' generation

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allowed my generation,
of young adults,

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And youth and children that are coming,

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indigenous and non-indigenous people, at that moment

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of the sixth great mass extinction.

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From the absolute climatic environmental imbalance of our planet

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where we\'re all feeling the impact

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of nature\'s response.

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The impact we make
as humans,

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our generation has the great opportunity

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to create alliances and open our eyes

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between us so that we can see each other,

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not just ourselves,
but to see the other human being,

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and also the rest of the world
that is around us.

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I want to invite
everyone who is worried,

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who already noticed

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that we live in a big maloca
in the universe, which is our planet Earth,

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to participate together with the people of the forest

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on a mission to protect the world.

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One thing the chiefs always demand
us in our internal assemblies,

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they say like this: \"If in 88,
in a pre-88 period,

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we without study, with little knowledge
of Portuguese, little technical knowledge,

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we managed to make this achievement, which is
the guarantee 231 and 232 in the Federal Constitution,

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what we can\'t do today
that we have all of you, right?\"

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So they demand a lot from us
this role in social mobilization,

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but also this political action
from the use of the pen,

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from the use of technical knowledge.

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So this is important to us.
for maintenance and re-articulation

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of the indigenous movement.

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If at the time of the 60s, 70s, the
struggle was to build these rights,

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the struggle of our generation,
of my generation today,

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is that these rights are not lost,
not be torn.

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But we still haven\'t managed to get to a true implementation.

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the constituent

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was the result of a mobilization
of the whole Brazilian society, profound.

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When I mention the constituent as
a luminous moment in our history,

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shall we say, republican,
of our recent history,

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what i mean is that we had
emerged from a period of 20 years of dictatorship.

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To write this 1988 constitution,

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the legislative system, the
judicial system and the

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executive power,

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they decided to create a
National Constituent Assembly,

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where the whole society
should be represented.

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And of course we also got some indigenous people,

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I even played this role of being a candidate,

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but the votes did not appear.

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So we had to use
our intelligence, our resistance,

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our fighting spirit,
to see what we were going to do.

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We needed to somehow get in
in the negotiations of indigenous rights.

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And for that we looked for Ulysses Guimarïes,

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who was the deputy president
of that constituent.

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He was very surprised because we weren\'t
Annatto Painted Indians,

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but we were Indians in jackets and ties
who were sitting down to negotiate.

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various communities
who already used a satellite dish

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in the bush, they watched,
and asked each other:

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\"Who is this guy? Who is this Indian?\"
\"No, it\'s not the Indian... it\'s the white one.\"

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\"It\'s not the Indian speaking.\"
Then people who know,

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\"No, it\'s the Indian.\"

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Then we started looking for this relative,
who is Ailton Krenak,

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we started to come together.

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And when we started to come together,
more and more leaders appeared,

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younger, to organize themselves to fight.

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\"This morning Indians
from all parts of the country\"

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\"came to the National Constituent Assembly\"

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\"to deliver a document
with their claims.\"

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\"The visit of the Indians was promoted
by the national campaign coordination\"

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\"Indigenous Peoples in the Constituent Assembly\"

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\"and organized by the Indians
Marcos Terena and Ailton Krenak.\"

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The main points are the recognition,
by the Brazilian nation,

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of historical rights
of indigenous populations.

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As a consequence
of that recognition,

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the demarcation of indigenous territories,

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the usufruct guarantee
of these natural resources

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of the territories for the indigenous people and
compliance by the Brazilian State

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of future projects
of indigenous populations.

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\"Constituents go to the village to hear
the claims of the Indians.\"

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\"It\'s starting to
Constituent Diary.

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\"Members of the Black Subcommittee,\"

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\"Indigenous peoples,
Disabled and Minorities\"

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\"They went to the village of Gorotire, in
reserve of the Kayapùs, in the south of Parç.\"

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\"They went to see how the Indians live
and listen to their claims.\"

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We walk across the country,
we organize to make a new constitution.

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I want to say that the alliance through the Brazilian Association of Anthropology,

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and other existing NGOs, was important.

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I think we have to
retrieve that memory.

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This constitution was made by us.

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The National Coordination of Geologists
was a great ally in the constituent

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And it was very interesting
because on the one hand there was a lobby of mining companies,

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who wanted access to indigenous lands for mining,

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and on the other hand, against them, there was the
National Coordination of Geologists,

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which was the organ of Brazilian geologists
and not the companies,

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who thought it was important to have a mineral reserve,

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and that this mineral reserve could very
well be precisely on indigenous lands.

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\"Representatives of 21 indigenous nations
met with the constituents.\"

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\"At this meeting, the Indians gave
several testimonies and presented\"

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\" the letter from Manaus with claims. \"

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\"They call for a ban on mining
on their lands,\"

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\"But the main issue that
Indians want to see in the new constitution \"

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\"it is the demarcation of the lands.\"

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- Constituent has advanced in many things,

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but there is one big exception,
which is the indigenous issue.

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It is worse in this project than in previous constitutions.

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It goes so far as to say that
Indian ownership is exclusive

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for those nations that have
immemorial and uninterrupted possession.

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I hope not to attack

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with my manifestation

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the protocol of this house.

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but i believe that

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you will not be able to stay

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omitted,

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you will not be able to stay

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alien

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to this new aggression

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driven by economic power,

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by greed,

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by ignorance of what
it means to be an indigenous people.

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And today we are the target of an assault

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which aims to achieve,
in essence, our faith,

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our confidence that
there is still dignity.

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that it is still possible
to build a society

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that knows how to respect
a people who have always lived

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in defiance of all riches.

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A people who live in thatched houses,

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who sleeps on mats on the floor,

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must not be identified in any way,

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as people who are enemies
of the interests of Brazil,

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enemy of the nation\'s interests.
And that puts any development at risk.

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The indigenous people have watered
with blood every hectare.

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The 8 million km2 of Brazil.

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You are witnesses of this.

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Several rights were being threatened,

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with studies of various politicians,

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who have an interest in the land,
are interested in ore,

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interest in exploring other riches, right?

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And Funai was considered
a repressive organ,

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So much so that at that time there were
regional indigenous police stations,

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that is, the chief indigenist of the regional
were called delegates.

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When the president of Funai himself runs
away from this discourse of the acculturated Indian,

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he was actually giving ammunition to
our enemies here inside the congress

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in the debate of the constituent to separate...

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give different treatment,

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for those indigenous peoples who already had
recognition of national symbols

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like the Brazilian flag,
they spoke some Portuguese.

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Their idea is that this
part of our population

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would not even have the right to
demarcation of their territories

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because they were no longer Indians.

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\"And the Indians want the constituent
plenary to change two articles.\"

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\"One of them because it takes away the rights of
Indians in a high stage of acculturation, \"

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\"without specifying what this stage is. \"

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\"The other considers the Indians incapable. \"

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It would be a coercive emancipation to force
the Indian to stop being an Indian.

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What from a cultural point of view is a
absurd. The Indian is born an Indian, he is an Indian.

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He has... He\'s Indian
because he is of indigenous ethnicity.

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The person who left is not acculturated at all,

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because we have to learn Portuguese.

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So who prepared this,
the president of Funai,

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he is trying to exterminate the acculturated Indian,

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in order to reduce the number
of Indians who are in the village.

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Or also reduce the indigenous land.

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The National Security Council,
that still existed,

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they were against creating an Indian chapter.

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The ruralists were not yet
organized as they are now,

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but they were also against.

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And after almost two years, finally,
a chapter on indigenous rights was born,

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but we didn\'t have enough votes
to approve our chapter.

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We see a very big risk

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of whether, at the moment of national decision,
to subdivide the land, do you understand?

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If the interest of the indigenous people is auctioned,

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because the indigenous people
don\'t have the money to lobby,

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because the indigenous people do not
have a representative in the congress,

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because the indigenous people do not have
economic power to exert pressure.

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That\'s when the great warriors came, the great chiefs.

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So we had to wait almost two
hours in the anteroom of Ulysses Guimarïes,

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until everyone was tired, hungry,

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and I then suggested to the
kaiapo warriors

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to sing a song
of war in the anteroom.

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Ulysses Guimarïes\'s office shook,
and he, frightened, decided to receive us.

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There he saw the Indian who
was in his head.

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the headdress indian,
the painted Indian.

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We immediately asked the other indigenous chief

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to put the headdress on his head,
because we knew

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that when we made the mention of putting
the headdress of Ulysses Guimarïes,

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journalists\' cameras would
shoot, as well as televisions.

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When it was approaching,
we started to organize,

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more indigenous people,
various ethnicities from all over Brazil,

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who had the opportunity to arrive.

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When the voting ended,
all parliamentarians

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recognized that we were victorious in the struggle.

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And unlocked all the congressional gates
to climb up there, there in the wide.

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\"The chapter dedicated to the Indians was approved
with 470 votes in favor and 4 against. \"

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\"According to the text, it will be recognized
the social organization of the Indians, \"

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\"their customs, languages,
beliefs and traditions.\"

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\"Permanent possession of traditional land is guaranteed\"

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\"Occupied by Indians. \"

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\"The lands will be demarcated by the Union,\"

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\"which will also protect indigenous assets.\"

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\"The Indians will be able to enter the
justice to guarantee their rights. \"

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\"A traitor to the constitution is a traitor to
homeland, we know the cursed way.\"

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\"We promulgate the statute of man,
of freedom and democracy,\"

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\"We cry out for the imposition of your honor.\"

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\"We hate dictatorship. Hate and disgust.\"

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\"We curse tyranny wherever it disgraces men and nations,\"

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\"mainly in Latin America.\"

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\"- I declare enacted.\"

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\"The Document of Liberty,\"

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\"of dignity,\"

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\"of democracy,\"

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\"of the social justice of Brazil.\"

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\"May God help us, may this be accomplished.\"

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Soon after enacting the Federal Constitution

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Indigenous people felt the need
to organize to fight

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for the fulfillment of that right.

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Thirty years later we have not achieved
the minimum commitment of the State

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to recognize indigenous territories.

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We didn\'t get the minimum commitment from the State

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to assume their crimes of genocide.

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Their responsibility for violence and permanent murder

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that happens against native peoples.

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Now we\'re in another moment,
which is a moment of struggle

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in order not to lose these
constitutional rights,

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because we managed to guarantee,

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then made the fight for compliance
and now we are in the fight

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so that these rights remain written.

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Because there\'s no other way to avoid this
setback if not through struggle.

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It is a period when indigenous
peoples are highly mobilized

00:19:15.177 --> 00:19:19.647
in the face of the various attacks that
the constitution has suffered.

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Our constitution has been restricted.

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We have been following for a long time

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an advance by the Ruralist Bank in withdrawing rights.

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So years of conquered rights that are being taken away, right?

00:19:40.687 --> 00:19:43.569
In the pen, at the base of the pen.

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So this has required a very large capacity for articulation from us, indeed.

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You are having a very serious attack of the
Bolsonaro government to indigenous rights

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to not only not expand, but also to reverse
the demarcation of indigenous lands.

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Every environmental agenda has been
badly beaten and it hits

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particularly indigenous peoples.

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They want to vote on environmental licensing here as well.

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- because we have
a fundamental role to face.

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Face this government.

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To fight against the return of the bloody period

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that killed many of our people.

00:20:35.567 --> 00:20:37.582
That reduced populations.

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It was precisely during this period that more
than 8,000 indigenous people were killed.

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May the photos of our relatives be placed there,

00:20:53.737 --> 00:21:00.317
our indigenous relatives, who were
tortured and killed during the dictatorship period.

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There, for all to see.
For everyone to know.

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For this house here to know
what that period was for us.

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And that we will fight.

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We will fight.

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We won\'t allow any more
drop of indigenous blood in this country.

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Let\'s face it with our
forces, with our weapons.

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And our weapons are our spirituality,

00:21:29.575 --> 00:21:32.970
the strength of our ancestry.

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Let\'s go together, people, let\'s go together.

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The earth asks for help.

00:21:49.597 --> 00:21:53.366
indigenous peoples
are on the front line.

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And for making this fight so fair,
we are in sight.

00:21:58.927 --> 00:22:04.752
In the sights of all those who
want to destroy our territories.

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And they don\'t know that destroying the territories
they are destroying themselves.

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Since the 1500s, this is what we face.

00:23:18.507 --> 00:23:25.217
Withdrawal of rights, attempted murder, racial prejudice, cynicism

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and the Brazilian population feels most of them foreigners

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and treats the Indian as an enemy,
sees us as violators of rights

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and don\'t see this congress
as a violator of law.

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Our death, our genocide, our
blood on earth, no one wants to see.

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The government is thinking that
will run over us. Will not.

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It won\'t because we were born with the certainty that
the only thing we\'re going to do is die.

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They don\'t, they think
that will enrich, enrich, enrich

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then later they discover \"We died\".

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And we don\'t, we\'re sure we\'re going to die.

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So no matter how,
we will face to live well.

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And that we will not stop.

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My father used to say that the fight
of indigenous peoples is for freedom,

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autonomy and respect.

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I believe this idea

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of freedom, autonomy and respect
it is human and belongs to anyone.

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The extreme right politics of Jair Bolsonaro attacks
continuously the indigenous peoples rights.

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The land demarcation were interrupted and Funai is again
occupied by the military, like in the dictatorship of 1964.

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The environmental surveillance bodies suffer with cuts and occupation
of posts and the government deffends the forced \"integration\" of indigenous

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people to the national society. The logging, invasion and mining
risk, once again, the existence of indigenous people in Brazil.